Strange to say, however, no mention is as yet made by any of these works
of Krishna's favourite Radha; it is only in another Purana--though
scarcely deserving that designation--that she makes her appearance, viz.
in the Brahma-vaivarta, in which Krishna's amours in Nanda's cow-station
are dwelt upon in fulsome and wearisome detail; whilst the poet
Jayadeva, in the 12th century, made her love for the gay and inconstant
boy the theme of his beautiful, if highly voluptuous, lyrical drama,
_Gita-govinda_.
The earliest of the sects which associate Radha with Krishna in their
worship is that of the Nimavats, founded by Nimbaditya or Nimbarka
(i.e. "the sun of the Nimba tree"), a teacher of uncertain date, said
to have been a Telugu Brahman who subsequently established himself at
Mathura (Muttra) on the Yamuna, where the headquarters of his sect
have remained ever since. The Mahant of their monastery at Dhruva
Kshetra near Mathura, who claims direct descent from Nimbarka, is said
to place the foundation of that establishment as far back as the 5th
century--doubtless an exaggerated claim; but if Jayadeva, as is
alleged, and seems by no means improbable, was really a follower of
Nimbarka, this teacher must have flourished, at latest, in the early
part of the 12th century. He is indeed taken by some authorities to be
identical with the mathematician Bhaskara Acharya, who is known to
have completed his chief work in A.D. 1150. It is worthy of remark, in
this respect, that--in accordance with Ramanuja's and Nimbarka's
philosophical theories--Jayadeva's presentation of Krishna's fickle
love for Radha is usually interpreted in a mystical sense, as
allegorically depicting the human soul's striving, through love, for
reunion with God, and its ultimate attainment, after many
backslidings, of the longed-for goal. As the chief authority of their
tenets, the Nimavats recognize the Bhagavata-purana; though several
works, ascribed to Nimbarka--partly of a devotional character and
partly expository of Vedanta topics--are still extant. Adherents of
this sect are fairly numerous in northern India, their frontal mark
consisting of the usual two perpendicular white lines, with, however,
a circular black spot between them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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