(1) _Warehouses and shops._ All warehouses and shops were destroyed by demolition and fire. (2) _Utilities._ Electric, water, gas, and communications systems were put out of commission by demolition and removal of parts. (3) _Locked basins and docks._ All locked basins and closures were destroyed; walls of basins were collapsed by explosives. (4) _Wharves and quays._ Demolitions destroyed the inshore 100 feet of quay full width to a depth of 30 feet. Mines destroyed all cranes and blew out the face of the quay in sections about 40 feet long, 30 feet back, and 20 feet deep. Cranes usually are spaced about 75 feet apart. (5) _Miscellaneous._ Delayed-action mines and booby traps were placed at strategic places, even in sunken boats and ships. (6) _Channels and harbors._ (_a_) Ships were sunk to block entrances to harbors. (_b_) All mooring buoys and channel markers were removed. (_c_) All boats and lighters available to the enemy were sunk adjacent to quays, wharves, and piers. (_d_) Wharf cranes and debris were blown into channels alongside wharves and quays. (See figs. 49 through 53.) 15. OPERATIONS OF PORT REPAIR SHIP IN A CAPTURED PORT. =a. General.= The port commander is responsible for the restoration of the port’s facilities. He orders surveys made of the extent and nature of the damage and from them determines what work is to be done and who is to do it, sets priorities, and estimates time, personnel, materials, and equipment required. Before actual repairs can be started, the following preparatory work usually has to be done by Army and Navy units: (1) Extinguish fires and demolish unsafe structures. (2) Sweep mines. (3) Remove blockships. (4) Remove booms and torpedo nets. (5) Neutralize land mines and booby traps. (6) Install AA and other protective works. (7) Remove debris in water and on quays. (8) Remove obstructions from exits to wharf areas. [Illustration: _Figure 50. Masts of sunken freighter in harbor. The enemy did a systematic job of sinking ships to block the harbor as much as possible._] [Illustration: _Figure 51. Sunken ships and bomb-wrecked quays give some idea of the huge task of repair and construction in restoring the port to usefulness._] [Illustration: _Figure 52. Temporary bridge built on a keeled-over freighter. Trucks are using it to unload a Liberty ship._] (9) Install navigation aids and moorings. =b.= Following are some of the jobs the port repair ship might be required to do: