Dom Miguel usurps the throne of Portugal--Dom Pedro prepares to reconquer his daughter's kingdom--Ferdinand VII. marries Maria Christina--The Salic Law of Spain repealed--Birth of Isabella--Stratford Canning at Madrid--Napier destroys the Miguelite fleet--Great Britain recognizes Maria II. as Queen of Portugal--Death of Ferdinand VII.--France and England acknowledge the sovereignty of Isabella--Don Carlos and Dom Miguel--Negotiations in London--Quadruple Treaty--Capitulation of the two Pretenders--Don Carlos returns to Spain--Scope of Quadruple Treaty enlarged--Palmerston's policy in the Spanish question--Views and secret leanings of Louis Philippe--Zumalacárregui--The Whigs dismissed--Wellington at the Foreign Office--Eliot sent to Spain--Louis Philippe refuses to take part in the negotiation--Palmerston again at the Foreign Office--The Queen Regent appeals to France for help--The Spanish legion--The Decree of Durango--Louis Philippe refuses to protest--French intrigues at Lisbon--The _Moderados_ and the _Progressistas_--Advice given to Christina by Mr. Villiers--No vigilance maintained on the French frontier--Mendizabal and the British minister--The secret divulged--Threatening language of the Duc de Broglie--British government declines Mendizabal's proposal--Palmerston's counter-proposal--Plans of M. Thiers--Talleyrand and England--Death of Zumalacárregui--Palmerston proposes that the French should enter Spain--Mendizabal dismissed--Military revolution in Spain--Scene at the Palace of La Granja--Resignation of Thiers--The "No mention" incident--Why Don Carlos retreated from before Madrid--Dissensions among the Carlists fomented by Villiers--Palmerston's suspicions of Louis Philippe--Muñagorri--Reasons which compelled Maroto to bring the war to an end--Soult--The Convention of Bergara--Don Carlos driven across the frontier--Cabrera and España--The Municipal Bill--Espartero--Christina and Espartero--Abdication of Christina 171-218 CHAPTER VII SULTAN AND PASHA