Fig. 1. Smeaton’s Boring Machine, Carron Iron Works, 1769 _Facing page 2_ Fig. 2. French Lathes of about 1772 _Facing page 2_ Fig. 3. French Slide-Rest, 1772 _Facing page 6_ Fig. 4. French Lathe for Turning Ovals, 1772 _Facing page 6_ Fig. 5. Genealogy of the Early English Tool Builders _page 7_ Fig. 6. John Wilkinson _Facing page 14_ Fig. 7. Wilkinson’s Boring Machine _Facing page 14_ Fig. 8. Eminent Men of Science Living in 1807-8 _Facing page 20_ Fig. 9. Sir Samuel Bentham _Facing page 22_ Fig. 10. Sir Marc Isambard Brunel _Facing page 26_ Fig. 11. Brunel’s Mortising Machine _Facing page 30_ Fig. 12. Brunel’s Shaping Machine _Facing page 30_ Fig. 13. French Screw-Cutting Lathe, Previous to 1569 _page 37_ Fig. 14. French Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1740 _page 37_ Fig. 15. Maudslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1797 _Facing page 42_ Fig. 16. Maudslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1800 _Facing page 42_ Fig. 17. French Planing Machine by Nicholas Forq, 1751 _Facing page 50_ Fig. 18. Matthew Murray _Facing page 58_ Fig. 19. Richard Roberts _Facing page 58_ Fig. 20. Roberts’ Planer, Built in 1817 _Facing page 60_ Fig. 21. Roberts’ Back-Geared Lathe _Facing page 60_ Fig. 22. James Nasmyth _Facing page 82_ Fig. 23. First Sketch of the Steam Hammer, November 24, 1839 _Facing page 94_ Fig. 24. Model of the First Steam Hammer _Facing page 94_ Fig. 25. Sir Joseph Whitworth _Facing page 102_ Fig. 26. Samuel Slater _Facing page 122_ Fig. 27. Genealogy of the New England Gun Makers _page 139_ Fig. 28. The First Milling Machine, Built by Eli Whitney about 1818 _Facing page 142_ Fig. 29. Blanchard “Gun-Stocking” Lathe, Built in 1818 for the Springfield Armory _Facing page 142_ Fig. 30. Eli Whitney _Facing page 152_ Fig. 31. Samuel Colt _Facing page 164_ Fig. 32. The Colt Armory _Facing page 168_ Fig. 33. Root’s Chucking Lathe, about 1855 _Facing page 170_ Fig. 34. Root’s Splining Machine, about 1855 _Facing page 170_ Fig. 35. Francis A. Pratt _Facing page 178_