English Cathedrals Illustrated: Second and Revised EditionBond, Francis
History
English Cathedrals Illustrated: Second and Revised Edition
Bond, Francis
Cathedrals -- England; Cathedrals -- Wales
But there is another factor besides the personality of William of Sens.
Having engaged a foreigner to do the work, the next step of the monks
probably was to distrust him. The choir, as it appears now, bears
unmistakable marks that not only William of Sens was at work, but also
a British building committee. Being a Frenchman, William of Sens must
have been an iconoclast, and would have liked to clear away the ruins
and start _de novo_. His British employers, here, as in nearly all our
cathedrals, parsimonious in the extreme, insisted on retaining every inch
of old wall or pillar that could be utilised. The towers of St. Anselm
and St. Andrew still stood, more or less stable, to the east. William
therefore had to constrict his choir to pass between them. The result
is the awkward twisting of the arcade and clerestory of the choir. The
choir starts with becoming wider as it advances from the east; then it
suddenly contracts to pass between St. Anselm’s and St. Andrew’s chapels;
then it expands once more into the Trinity chapel. No Frenchman, if he
had had his way, would have permitted his cathedral to be so distorted.
Again, the building committee insisted on utilising the piers of Conrad’s
crypt as far as possible as supports to the arcade of the choir above.
The result is that the piers of the choir are not equally spaced; and
the narrow arches are pointed, while the broad ones are semicircular
and stilted. William must have been ashamed, too, of all the zigzag
and billet ornament. But the building committee had probably a large
stock of it collected from the debris after the fire, and wanted to
work it off. One beautiful feature, however, is to be placed to English
credit—viz., the profuse use of Purbeck marble shafts. On the whole we
may take it that what we have is not William’s design as he would have
wished it, but his design criticised, fettered, altered and ignored by a
clerical building committee.
[Illustration: CHOIR.]
[Illustration: BLACK PRINCE’S TOMB.]
At the beginning of the fifth year of his work, William of Sens was
seriously injured by a fall from the scaffold, and soon after returned
to France. An English William was appointed to succeed him. He completed
Trinity chapel, Becket’s corona, and the crypt beneath the two. It is
usual to attribute to the English William an important part in the design
of the eastern chapels and crypt. The facts point the other way. These
eastern portions are less English and more French than the western work.
There is not a single trace of English influence in the design, except
solely the rounding of the abacus and the moulding of the capitals in
the crypt. With these two minor exceptions, everything was completed in
strict conformity with the French design.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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