English Surnames: Their Sources and SignificationsBardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
History
English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
Names, English; Names, Personal -- English
The ‘religieuse’ has apparently stuck to his vows, for I have never
found the term in an hereditary form, while ‘Secular,’ as descended from
such enrolled folk as ‘Walter le Secular,’ or ‘Joan, uxor Nicholas le
Secular,’ still exists. I am afraid, however, the Secularist of that
time could and would have told us a different tale. Of these bound
orders too, while the general term, as I say, does not now exist
surnominally, all the more particular titles which it embraced do. As we
catch the cadence of their names a shadow falls athwart our memories,
and in its wake a crowd of dim and unsubstantial figures pass before us.
Once more we behold the fiery ‘Abbot’ (Juliana Abbot, A., Ralph le Abbe,
C.), and the portly ‘Prior’ or ‘Pryor’ (Roger le Priour, B., William le
Priur, E.). We see afresh the ‘Friar,’ or ‘Freere,’ or ‘Frere’ (Syward
le Frere, A., Geoffrey le Frere, A.), so ‘pleasant of absolution’ and
‘easy of penance.’ Again our eye falls mistily upon the ‘Canon,’ or
‘Cannon’ (William le Cannon, A., Thomas le Canun, E.), with his
well-trimmed beard and capped brow, and the ‘Moyne’ (now ‘Munn’) or
‘Monk’ (Beatrix le Munk, A., Thomas le Mun, A., Ivo le Moyne, A.), all
closely shaved and cloaked, and cowled, that knew his way to the cellar
better than to the chapel, who loved the song more than the chaunt.[178]
And now in quick succession flit by us a train of personages all
beshrouded in garbs of multitudinous and quaint aspect, in cloaks and
hoods, and tippets and girdles, and white and dark apparel. There is the
wimpled, grey-eyed ‘Nunn’ (Alice la Nonne, A.), and the Dorturer,
represented in olden registers by such a name as ‘Robert le Dorturer,’
he who looked to the arrangements of the dourtour, or dormitory—
His death saw I by revelation,
Sayde this frere, at home in our dortour.[179]
The word still existed in the sixteenth century, as is evidenced by
Heywood’s use of it. He says—
The tongue is assigned of wordes to be sorter;
The mouth is assigned to be the tongue’s _dorter_;
The teeth are assigned to be the tongue’s porter;
But wisdom is ’signed to tye the tongue shorter.
The figure is somewhat forced, but it has its beauty. The ‘Fermerer,’
now found as ‘Fermor’ and ‘Firmer,’ was he who superintended the
infirmary. Only a few lines further on, in the earlier of the two poems
from which I last quoted, we find Chaucer making mention of—
Our sexton, and our fermerere,
That have been trewe freres fifty year.
The ‘Tale of a Monk,’ too, begins—
A black munk of an abbaye
Was enfermer of alle I herd say—
He was halden an hali man
Imange his felaus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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