Produced by Chris Curnow, Wayne Hammond and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) [Transcriber’s Note: Text delimited by underscores is italics. Text delimited by pound signs (#) is gesperrt.] #ENGRAVED GEMS# ENGRAVED GEMS BY MAXWELL SOMMERVILLE PROFESSOR OF GLYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA; AUTHOR OF “SANDS OF SAHARA,” “SIAM,” ETC.; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIÉTÉ ACADÉMIQUE DES SCIENCES, ARTS ET BELLES-LETTRES DU DÉPARTEMENT DE L’AUBE, FRANCE, ETC. [Illustration] DREXEL BIDDLE, PUBLISHER PHILADELPHIA LONDON SAN FRANCISCO TORONTO 1901 COPYRIGHT, 1901 BY MAXWELL SOMMERVILLE PRINTED BY DREXEL BIDDLE PHILADELPHIA LONDON PREFACE. My former treatise, “Engraved Gems, their Place in the History of Art,” being largely illustrated and inconvenient in size, I have abridged the work and with new material prepared this volume. The various epochs of gem engraving from the earliest eras down to the XVIII. century are briefly described. Many people throughout the year cast passing glances at my glyptic collection in the Free Museum of Science and Art of the University of Pennsylvania. They express great admiration of the beautiful objects in stones of many colors and interesting designs. It was never intended to make only an attractive display; what I have always desired and hoped for was that a proportion of our visitors would recognize in my life’s work a contribution to science. It is a classified representation of the glyptic work of more than forty centuries, so carefully arranged that those who care to learn through the medium of those beautiful engraved stones, cylinders, seals, and Gnostic tokens, may inform themselves intelligently on the science which these gems of all epochs so thoroughly exemplify. Men in this Western World during the last three hundred years have been engrossed in the pursuit and acquisition of fortunes. A fair proportion of the population now having secured competency, that condition once assured, with increased opportunities for intellectual culture and the enjoyment of art, the development of refined tastes and pursuits in America has been marked by the formation of many private collections. Amateurs have gradually become connoisseurs in manuscripts, ceramics, enamels, engravings, ancient coins, armor, and arms. Happily, each is engrossed in his particular branch of antiquities. It is to be hoped that we may all profit by their researches, and that the antique objects acquired by them may be stored in the Archæological Museums of the world, that all who will may view them and learn from them. MAXWELL SOMMERVILLE.