SMALL-POX. MEASLES. _White troops._ _Coloured _White troops._ _Coloured troops._ troops._ 1861–2 1·36 1·97 1862–3 1·45 1·99 1863–4 3·21 16·52 1·88 12·35 1864–5 1·75 8·69 1·68 3·75 1865–6 0·69 14·24 0·11 0·51 Malaria became particularly widespread; on an average no less than 52 per cent of the white troops and 83 per cent of the coloured troops contracted the disease per annum. It is absurd to say, then, that the negroes are immune to the disease; on the contrary, they contracted it much more frequently and suffered a great deal more severely from it than the whites. The troops in the military districts of Carolina and Arkansas, and also along the great rivers—the Mississippi, Ohio, and Potomac—were attacked by it with particular severity. Out of every thousand men the number that contracted the disease and the number that succumbed to it is shown by the following table:[220] WHITE TROOPS. COLOURED TROOPS. _No. patients._ _No. deaths._ _No. patients._ _No. deaths._ 1861–2 404·0 2·77 1862–3 460·1 3·76 1863–4 584·1 3·19 833·7 15·19 1864–5 558·4 3·34 750·0 8·77 1865–6 853·1 5·42 947·0 7·81 The total loss sustained by the Northern army in consequence of the most important infectious diseases is indicated by the following table:[221] WHITE TROOPS. _No. _Ty- _Typhus _Dysen- _Chol- _Small- _Mea- _Ma- troops._ phoid fever._ tery, era._ pox._ sles._ laria._ fever._ diar- rhoea._ 1861 41,556 17 3 4 1 3 1 May- June 1861–2 288,919 5,795 201 1,205 34 393 568 800 1862–3 659,955 11,658 378 10,554 96 950 1,314 2,480 1863–4 675,413 5,632 123 10,661 56 2,171 1,268 2,152 1864–5 645,506 7,266 124 13,740 67 1,131 1,082 2,155 1865–6 101,897 894 21 1,630 22 71 11 552 ——————— —————— ——— —————— ——— ————— ————— ————— Annual 468,275 Totals 850 37,794 275 4,717 4,246 8,140 Average 31,262