_Cause of death._ _Deaths (all _Annual rate per told)._ 1,000._ Typhoid Fever, Typhus Fever 199 20·5 Malaria 119 12·2 Small-pox, Measles, Scarlet Fever, 80 8·2 Erysipelas Diarrhoea, Dysentery 4,529 465·6 Scurvy 999 102·8 Bronchitis 90 9·2 Inflammation of the Lungs and 266 27·4 Pleurisy Other diseases 844 86·7 Wounds and uncertain maladies 586 60·2 —————— ————— Total 7,712 792·8 Since mortality statistics existed in only a few of the Northern States at that time, and the deaths for the year in question were included merely incidentally in the census taken every ten years, it is impossible to adduce any figures relating to the spreading of infectious diseases from the army to the civil population. But certain it is that this happened to a great extent in the regions where the fighting took place. In the case of two States, Massachusetts and Connecticut, mortality statistics are available; in both we find an increased death-rate during the Civil War. The figures, which do not include the still-births, are as follows: _Year._ _Connecticut._ _Massachusetts._ 1860 16·3 18·7 1861 16·5 19·5 1862 18·0 18·5 1863 18·0 22·1 1864 19·0 22·8 1865 16·0 20·6 1866 15·0 18·1 1867 14·3 17·0 In the case of Massachusetts, moreover, we have statistics relating to the cause of death; these statistics show a considerable increase in deaths due to typhoid fever, small-pox, and dysentery; the mortality of scarlet fever was also very high there during the war-years, but this fact was in no way connected with the war. The number of people who contracted the above-mentioned diseases in Massachusetts was:[224]