English essays -- 18th century; Fiction; Short stories
As true wit consists in the resemblance of ideas, and false wit in the
resemblance of words, according to the foregoing instances, there is
another kind of wit which consists partly in the resemblance of ideas and
partly in the resemblance of words, which for distinction sake I shall
call mixed wit. This kind of wit is that which abounds in Cowley more
than in any author that ever wrote. Mr. Waller has likewise a great deal
of it. Mr. Dryden is very sparing in it. Milton had a genius much above
it. Spenser is in the same class with Milton. The Italians, even in
their epic poetry, are full of it. Monsieur Boileau, who formed himself
upon the ancient poets, has everywhere rejected it with scorn. If we
look after mixed wit among the Greek writers, we shall find it nowhere
but in the epigrammatists. There are indeed some strokes of it in the
little poem ascribed to Musaeus, which by that as well as many other
marks betrays itself to be a modern composition. If we look into the
Latin writers we find none of this mixed wit in Virgil, Lucretius, or
Catullus; very little in Horace, but a great deal of it in Ovid, and
scarce anything else in Martial.
Out of the innumerable branches of mixed wit, I shall choose one instance
which may be met with in all the writers of this class. The passion of
love in its nature has been thought to resemble fire, for which reason
the words "fire" and "flame" are made use of to signify love. The witty
poets, therefore, have taken an advantage, from the doubtful meaning of
the word "fire," to make an infinite number of witticisms. Cowley
observing the cold regard of his mistress's eyes, and at the same time
the power of producing love in him, considers them as burning-glasses
made of ice; and, finding himself able to live in the greatest
extremities of love, concludes the torrid zone to be habitable. When his
mistress has read his letter written in juice of lemon, by holding it to
the fire, he desires her to read it over a second time by love's flames.
When she weeps, he wishes it were inward heat that distilled those drops
from the limbec. When she is absent, he is beyond eighty, that is,
thirty degrees nearer the pole than when she is with him. His ambitious
love is a fire that naturally mounts upwards; his happy love is the beams
of heaven, and his unhappy love flames of hell. When it does not let him
sleep, it is a flame that sends up no smoke; when it is opposed by
counsel and advice, it is a fire that rages the more by the winds blowing
upon it. Upon the dying of a tree, in which he had cut his loves, he
observes that his written flames had burnt up and withered the tree. When
he resolves to give over his passion, he tells us that one burnt like him
for ever dreads the fire. His heart is an AEtna, that, instead of
Vulcan's shop, encloses Cupid's forge in it. His endeavouring to drown
his love in wine is throwing oil upon the fire. He would insinuate to
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