English essays -- 18th century; Fiction; Short stories
his mistress that the fire of love, like that of the sun, which produces
so many living creatures, should not only warm, but beget. Love in
another place cooks Pleasure at his fire. Sometimes the poet's heart is
frozen in every breast, and sometimes scorched in every eye. Sometimes
he is drowned in tears and burnt in love, like a ship set on fire in the
middle of the sea.
The reader may observe in every one of these instances that the poet
mixes the qualities of fire with those of love; and in the same sentence,
speaking of it both as a passion and as real fire, surprises the reader
with those seeming resemblances or contradictions that make up all the
wit in this kind of writing. Mixed wit, therefore, is a composition of
pun and true wit, and is more or less perfect as the resemblance lies in
the ideas or in the words. Its foundations are laid partly in falsehood
and partly in truth; reason puts in her claim for one half of it, and
extravagance for the other. The only province, therefore, for this kind
of wit is epigram, or those little occasional poems that in their own
nature are nothing else but a tissue of epigrams. I cannot conclude this
head of mixed wit without owning that the admirable poet, out of whom I
have taken the examples of it, had as much true wit as any author that
ever wrote; and indeed all other talents of an extraordinary genius.
It may be expected, since I am upon this subject, that I should take
notice of Mr. Dryden's definition of wit, which, with all the deference
that is due to the judgment of so great a man, is not so properly a
definition of wit as of good writing in general. Wit, as he defines it,
is "a propriety of words and thoughts adapted to the subject." If this
be a true definition of wit, I am apt to think that Euclid was the
greatest wit that ever set pen to paper. It is certain there never was a
greater propriety of words and thoughts adapted to the subject than what
that author has made use of in his Elements. I shall only appeal to my
reader if this definition agrees with any notion he has of wit. If it be
a true one, I am sure Mr. Dryden was not only a better poet, but a
greater wit than Mr. Cowley, and Virgil a much more facetious man than
either Ovid or Martial.
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