American loyalists; Andros, Edmund, Sir, 1637-1714; Society of Friends -- New England; Witchcraft -- New England
The law was passed in October 1658, and at first it seemed to have
accomplished its object. The first six Quakers who were banished after
it had been put in force went away and made no attempt to come back;
but in June 1659 four who were more resolute and determined appeared
in Boston with the avowed intention of defying the law. They were
William Robinson, Marmaduke Stevenson, Nicholas Davis, and Mary Dyer.
They were arrested and sentenced to banishment (September 12th), with
the threat that they should suffer death if they remained or returned
to the colony. Nicholas Davis and Mary Dyer “found freedom to depart;
but the other two were constrained in the love and power of the Lord
not to depart, but to stay in the jurisdiction, and to try the bloody
law unto death.”[20] They withdrew to the New Hampshire settlements,
but in about four weeks returned to Boston prepared to die, and were
joined there by Mary Dyer, who had decided to share their fate. They
were arraigned before the General Court, which was then in session,
and admitting that they were the persons banished by the last Court
of Assistants, were sentenced to be hanged in a week from that time
(October 19th).[21] The authorities evidently were afraid of popular
sympathy, for they gave orders for a military guard of one hundred
men to conduct them to the gallows, while another military force
was charged to watch the rest of the town, and the selectmen were
instructed to “press ten or twelve able and faithful persons every
night to watch the town and guard the prison.”
Neither side would yield: the Quakers had come back with the declared
purpose of dying for their faith and for the principle of religious
liberty; the authorities did not dare to withdraw from the position in
which they had rashly placed themselves, and the leaders do not seem
to have had any desire to do so. They felt that the question of their
authority was at stake, and that if they yielded their power over
the people would be gone. They were willing to claim for themselves
and their institutions the protection of the laws of England, but
they would not admit any appeal to those laws when they conflicted
with the colonial regulations. They claimed to own the colony in full
sovereignty, in virtue of their charter on the one hand and their deeds
from the Indians on the other, and they argued that they had the same
right to exclude obnoxious and dangerous persons, and to destroy them
if they persistently thrust themselves upon them, that a householder
has of resisting a burglar, or a shepherd of killing the wolves that
break into his sheepfold.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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