American loyalists; Andros, Edmund, Sir, 1637-1714; Society of Friends -- New England; Witchcraft -- New England
In Massachusetts the action of the General Court was most decided and
severe. Shipmasters who brought Quakers into the jurisdiction were to
be fined one hundred pounds, and to give security for the return of
such passengers to the port from which they came. Quakers coming to the
colony were to be “forthwith committed to the House of Correction, and
at their entrance to be severely whipped, and by the master thereof to
be kept constantly at work, and none suffered to converse or speak with
them during the time of their imprisonment.” A fine of five pounds was
imposed upon the importation, circulation, or concealment of Quaker
books; persons presuming to defend heretical opinions of the said
Quakers should be fined two pounds for the first offence, four pounds
for the second; for the third offence should be sent to the House of
Correction till they could be conveniently sent out of the colony; and
what person or persons soever should revile the officer or person of
magistrates or ministers, “as was usual with the Quakers,” should be
severely whipped, or pay the sum of five pounds.[9]
It was not long before the law was put into operation. The first cases
were Ann Burden and Mary Dyer. They were imprisoned for two or three
months, and then Burden, after having all of her little property taken
from her in fines and jail charges, was sent back to England, and Dyer
was delivered to her husband, the Secretary of Rhode Island, upon his
giving security not to lodge her in any town in the colony nor permit
any to speak with her.[10]
Mary Clarke, however, who had come from England “to warn these
persecutors to desist from their iniquity,” was whipped, receiving
twenty stripes with a whip of three cords, knotted at the ends. Charles
Holden and John Copeland, who had been sent away the year before,
returned to the colony, and were whipped thirty stripes apiece and
imprisoned, and Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick were imprisoned and
fined for harboring them. Richard Dowdney, who arrived from England to
bear his testimony, was scourged and imprisoned, and, together with
Holden and Copeland, was reshipped to England.[11]
The authorities now thought that their laws were too lenient, and in
October 1657 they were made more rigorous. The fine for entertaining
Quakers was increased to forty shillings an hour, and any Quaker
returning into the jurisdiction after being once punished, if a man,
was to lose one ear, and on a second appearance to lose the other.
If he appeared a third time, his tongue was to be bored through with
a red-hot iron. Women were to be whipped for the first and second
offences, and to have their tongues bored upon the third.[12] In May of
the following year, a penalty of ten shillings was laid upon every one
attending a Quaker meeting, and five pounds upon any one speaking at
such meeting.[13]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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