Rinzai distinguishes four kinds of “Kwats!”[6.47] The first according to him, is like the sacred sword of Vajrarāja; the second is like the golden-haired lion squatting on the ground; the third is like the sounding rod or the grass used as a decoy; and the fourth is the one that does not at all function as a “Kwats!” Rinzai once asked his disciple, Rakuho (Lê-p‘u),[6.48] “One man has been using a stick and another resorting to the “Kwats!” which of them do you think is the more intimate to the truth? Answered the disciple, “Neither of them!” “What is the most intimate then?” Rakuho cried out, “Kwats!” Whereupon Rinzai struck him. This swinging of a stick was the most favourite method of Tokusan and stands generally contrasted to the crying utterance of Rinzai; but here the stick is used by Rinzai and the latter’s speciality is taken up in a most telling manner by his disciple, Rakuho. * * * * * Besides these “skilful contrivances” (_upāya-kauśalya_) so far enumerated under seven headings, there are a few more “contrivances” though I am not going to be very exhaustive here on the subject. One of them is “silence.” Vimalakīrti was silent when Mañjuśrī asked him as to the doctrine of non-duality, and his silence was later commented upon by a master as “deafening like thunder.” A monk asked Basho Yesei (Pa-chiao Hui-ch‘ing)[6.49] to show him the “original face” without the aid of any intermediary conception, and the master keeping his seat remained silent. When Shifuku (Tzŭ-fu)[6.50] was asked as to a word befitting the understanding of the inquirer, he did not utter a word, he simply kept silent. Bunki (Wên-hsi) of Koshu (Hang-chou)[6.51] was a disciple of Kyōzan (Yang-shan); he was asked by a monk, “What is the self?” but he remained silent. As the monk did not know what to make of it, he asked again, to which the master replied, “When the sky is clouded, the moon cannot shine out.” A monk asked Sozan (Ts‘ao-shan),[6.52] “How is the silence inexpressible to be revealed?” “I do not reveal it here.” “Where would you reveal it?” “At midnight last night,” said the master, “I lost three pennies by my bed.”