Italy long a Civilised Nation before the existence of Rome.--The ancient Etruscans.--The useful Nature of their Works.--Their Tombs.--Those of Chiusi.--Tarquinii and Vulscii.--Etruscan Vases.--Painted Tombs.--Early Pictures mentioned by Pliny.--Etruscan Statues in Rome.--Roman Pictures.--Fabius Pictor.--Pacuvius.--Triumphal Pictures.--Pictures used in Law Suits.--Begging Pictures.--Compliment paid by Augustus to Painting.--First Greek Pictures brought to Rome by Mummius.--Pictures brought to Italy by different Conquerors and placed in Temples and Porticos.--New Italian School of Pottery.--Schools of Painting in Italy.--No good Roman Painters.--Roman Busts.--Mosaic Pictures.--Miniatures.--Books first Illustrated with Portraits by Varro and Atticus.--Antique Pictures found at Pompeii.--Portrait Painting in Nero’s Time.--Gradual decay of Art in Italy 44 ESSAY III. OF PAINTING IN GREECE, FIRST AND SECOND SERIES. Earliest Painting in Greece.--No relic of Greek Pictures remaining.--The Arts first cultivated at Sicyon and Corinth.--Their rapid improvement in Greece.--Art in Asia Minor.--Vases of Clay and of Metal.--The first Greek Painters.--Progress of Painting up to the time of Phidias.--The Works of Mycon.--Those of Polygnotus.--The Battle of Marathon.--The Pictures of Delphi.--Apollodorus.--Improvements made by him in Art.--Further Improvements made by Pamphilus.--And still further by Parrhasius.--His Pictures and Character.--Zeuxis, his Pictures.--Timanthes, his Pictures.--Colotes 85 ESSAY IV. OF THE THIRD PERIOD OF PAINTING IN GREECE. Macedonian Kings Encouragers of Art.--Philip.--Alexander.--Pamphilus and School of Sicyon.--Pictures of Pamphilus.--Apelles.--His Character.--His Pictures.--His Danger in Egypt.--His Picture of Calumny.--His Visit to Protogenes.--The Venus Anadyomene.--Protogenes.--His Pictures.--Aristides of Thebes.--His Pictures.--Nichomachus.--His Pictures.--Pausias.--His Picture of the Garland Maker.--Other Pictures.--Euphranor.--Antiphilus.--Familiar Life Subjects.--Pyreicus.--Interiors, animals, &c.--Minor Painters.--Nicias.--Timomachus.--His Medea.--Conclusion 137 ESSAY V. CLASSIFICATION OF PICTURES.