Inconveniences of the present Mode of Classing Pictures.--Proposed Classification.--Historical Pictures Divisible into Four Classes.--Further Subdivision.--Present Class of Dramatic Pictures divided into two.--Three Classes of Portrait Painting.--Two Classes of Familiar Life Subjects.--Landscape, its Four Classes.--Two Classes of Animal Painting.--Examples taken from Ancient and Modern Pictures.--Table of Cebes.--Calumny of Apelles.--Old Fresco at Sienna.--Allegories of the Greek Painters.--Of Giotto.--Prophets and Sybils.--Sistine Chapel.--Works of Polygnotus.--Some Works of Raffaelle.--Other Pictures of Polygnotus.--Hemelink’s Three Kings.--Cimabue’s and Giotto’s Lives of St. Francis and the Virgin.--Raffaelle’s Loggie.--Luini Frescoes.--Andrea del Sarto.--Domenichino.--Pictures of Single Actions by the Ancients.--Many Examples by the Moderns.--Dramatic Pictures of the Ancients.--Of the Moderns.--Historical Portraits and Examples.--Familiar Life Pictures of the Ancients.--Of the Moderns.--Examples of the Four Classes of Landscapes.--Animal Painters Ancient and Modern 169 ESSAY VI. ON THE MATERIALS USED BY PAINTERS. Introduction.--Early Pictures, in Egypt and Etruria, on bare Sandstone.--Painting on fine Plaster or Stucco.--On Wood, prepared.--Kinds of Wood.--Manner of Preparing it by Ancients and Moderns.--Painting on Linen.--Its Antiquity.--Its use.--When revived.--Pigments.--Vulgar Error concerning the Number of Colours used by the Ancient Greeks.--Its Refutation.--White Pigments of the Ancients.--Middle Ages.--Moderns.--Yellows.--Reds, especially vermilion.--Minium.--The Red Ochres.--Dragons’ Blood.--Blue Colours.--Ultra Marine.--The Blue of Egypt.--Blues used by Early Modern Painters.--Blue Earths and Indigo, Ancient and Modern.--Green Colours, Native and Manufactured.--Blacks of the Ancients and Moderns.--Purples and Browns.--Vehicles used by Painters.--Difficulty of the subject.--Asphaltum, Petroleum, Wax, and Oil, used as Varnishes by the Ancients.--Encaustic Painting.--Vehicles certainly known to the Ancients.--The Vehicles used in the Tenth Century, in the Thirteenth, and by the Moderns.--Metal Points used for Drawing by the Ancients.--The Egyptian Drawings, made with a Pen or fine Pencil.--The Tools of Hogs’ Bristles have always been the same.--Fine Pencils made of Squirrels’ hair in the Twelfth Century.--Conclusion 217 ESSAYS. ESSAYS TOWARDS THE HISTORY OF PAINTING. ESSAY I. The Historical and Literary knowledge of an Art is, for the learned, and for Artists, what maps are for the Warrior, the Traveller, and the Sailor. RASPE.