The literature on specific topics will be found at the beginning of each Part, and at the close of the several chapters. We indicate here some of the more useful manuals and recent representative works, and add some specific references on the scope and methods of ethics. Baldwin's _Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology_ has selected lists (see especially articles, _Ethical Theories_, _Ethics_, _Worth_) and general lists (Vol. III.). Runze, _Ethik_, 1891, has good bibliographies. ELEMENTARY TEXTS: Mackenzie, _Manual of Ethics_, 3rd ed., 1900; Muirhead, _Elements of Ethics_, 1892; Seth, _A Study of Ethical Principles_, 6th ed., 1902; Thilly, _Introduction to Ethics_, 1900. REPRESENTATIVE BOOKS AND TREATISES IN ENGLISH: Green, _Prolegomena to Ethics_, 1883 (Idealism); Martineau, _Types of Ethical Theory_, 1885, 3rd ed., 1891 (Intuitionism); Sidgwick's _Methods of Ethics_, 1874, 6th ed., 1901 (Union of Intuitionist and Utilitarian Positions with careful analysis of common sense); Spencer, _The Principles of Ethics_, 1892-3 (Evolution); Stephen's _Science of Ethics_, 1882; The comprehensive work of Paulsen (_System der Ethik_, 1889, 5th ed., 1900) has been translated in part by Thilly, 1899; that of Wundt (_Ethik_, 1886, 3rd ed., 1903), by Titchener, Gulliver, and Washburn, 1897-1901. Among the more recent contributions, either to the whole field or to specific parts, may be noted: Alexander, _Moral Order and Progress_, 1889; 2nd ed., 1891; Dewey, _Outlines of Ethics_, 1891, and _The Study of Ethics, A Syllabus_, 1894; Fite, _An Introductory Study of Ethics_, 1903; Höffding, _Ethik_ (German tr.), 1887; Janet, _The Theory of Morals_ (Eng. tr.), 1884; Ladd, _The Philosophy of Conduct_, 1902; Mezes, _Ethics, Descriptive and Explanatory_, 1900; Moore, _Principia Ethica_, 1903; Palmer, _The Field of Ethics_, 1902, _The Nature of Goodness_, 1903; Taylor, _The Problem of Conduct_, 1901; Rashdall, _The Theory of Good and Evil_, 1907; Bowne, _The Principles of Ethics_, 1892; Rickaby, _Moral Philosophy_, 1888. HISTORIES OF ETHICS: Sidgwick, _History of Ethics_, 3rd ed., 1892; Albee, _A History of English Utilitarianism_, 1902; Stephen, _The Utilitarians_, 1900; Martineau, _Types of Ethical Theory_; Whewell, _Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in England_, 1852, 1862; Köstlin, _Geschichte der Ethik_, 2 vols., 1881-92 (ancient theories); Jodl, _Geschichte der Ethik_, 2 vols., 1882-89 (modern); Wundt, _Ethik_, Vol. II.; the histories of philosophy by Windelband, Höffding, Erdmann, Ueberweg, Falckenberg.