But proof is furnished by the tomb-paintings themselves. In the Tomba
degli Scudi at Corneto, discovered in 1870, and, to judge by the style,
dating from the end of the fifth century B. C., the wife (as might be
expected) is pictured sitting with her husband, who is reclining on
the couch with a drinking-bowl in his left hand, his right resting
on the woman’s shoulder (fig. 26). According to the inscription the
man’s name is _Velthur Velcha_, that of the woman _Ravnthu Aprthnai_
(the family name is in the nominative and is a woman’s name, the Latin
_Abortennia_; so the family of the mother was the more distinguished).
The figure and the diadem of the woman recall those of the Hera
Borghese and determine the date of the tomb. On the table in front of
the couch are a bowl, a cake (_pyramis_), and a heap of fruits: or
they may be the ‘ball-cakes’ (_spirae_ or _spaeritae_) referred to by
Cato (_De agricultura_ 82). At the foot of the couch a lyre-player and
a flute-player accompany the meal with music, recalling a statement
of Cicero’s[56] that at banquets in early Rome the sound of stringed
instruments and flutes was deemed indispensable. On the whole, it
might perhaps be as well to abandon all theories of the austere morals
of early Rome. The patrician families of the first centuries of the
republic undoubtedly lived a life which in pomp and luxury vied with
the life of the nobility of the Etruscan towns. Again, in the painting
on the back wall of this tomb, where the recumbent man is a priest
(_cechaneri_), the wife is seated with her husband (fig. 27). As to
the priesthood, it must be borne in mind that the priestly office
was hereditary in the Etruscan noble families. The statue of Juno at
Veii, for instance, might only be touched by a priest of a certain
family.[57] It was especially the art of divination, however, which
was reserved for the noblemen and their wives.[58] Even when the
Romans had conquered Etruria they continued to support the efforts of
the Etruscans to confine initiation into the art of divination to the
nobility. Even Cicero, in his book on the ideal State, maintains that
omens and presages must be submitted to haruspices, and the nobles of
Etruria must teach the ‘disciplina’.
[Sidenote: TOMBA DELL’ORCO]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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