Generally speaking, what has made doubt or error possible in the matter
is the fact that the pictures, as we have already said, in form suggest
Greek pictures of hetaerae; symposia of any other kind between men
and women were unknown in Hellas. And to what extent the influence
of Greek art has prevailed is shown by the picture of a momentary
phase of emotion in the Tomba Querciola, where a couple reclining on
the couch are kissing each other, a motive as suitable to a Greek
hetaera picture as it is incongruous in a picture representing family
life after death.[60] Another source of error is the pronounced
sensualism of these pictures; in a sepulchral painting as early as the
sixth century, the main picture of the Tomba del Vecchio, we see on a
banqueting-couch, under the wreaths and chaplets with bells hanging
on the wall, a hoary old _roué_ in vivacious conversation with his
beautiful young wife who holds a garland, a hypothymis, under his nose
(fig. 30).[61] This picture is typically Etruscan in its combination
of wine and love. ‘As soon as we had eaten,’ sings the Greek poet
Dromon,[62] ‘the slave girl removed the tables; one brought us water
for washing, and we washed ourselves; then we seized again the wreaths
of violets and bound our brows with garlands.’ The Etruscans seem to
have followed the Greek rules minutely, but like the Egyptians they let
the free-born women partake of the festivity of the symposium itself.
FOOTNOTES:
[49] Athenaeus i. 23 d. On the Etruscan custom of reclining at table,
like the Greeks, and unlike the men of the Homeric age and later the
Macedonians, who sat, see Athenaeus i. 17 f, 18 a.
[50] Athenaeus xii. 517d. Cp. Dionys. Halic. ix. 16.
[51] Isaeus iii. 14.
[52] Athenaeus iv. 153 d. (= Timaeus, _fragm._ 18 in Müller, _Fragmenta
histor. Graecorum_).
[53] Friedländer, _Sittengeschichte Roms_ i. 472, 478, 493 f.
[54] _Corpus inscriptionum Etruscarum_, 3858, 3860.
[55] The Etruscan character for immorality is chiefly due to Theopompus
(_fragm._ 222 in Müller, _Fragm. hist. Graec._ i. p. 315), but he gives
similar descriptions of the Thessalians, and seems to have specialized
in _chroniques scandaleuses_. Of equal value is his information that
the Sybarites loved the Etruscans because of their luxuriousness
(Athenaeus xii. 519 b). It is regrettable that Theophrastus’ work on
the Etruscans is lost; it would have provided information of quite a
different character. (Cp. the Scholia to Pindar, _Pythia_ ii. 3.)
[56] _De oratore_ iii. 197.
[57] Livy v. 22. 5.
[58] The most famous of all the Etruscan women versed in divination is
the wise but guileful Tanaquil, who played a political part in Rome:
Livy i. 34.
[59] Τὴν κιθαράν στρέψας, like Apollo in the contest with Marsyas
(Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_ i. 4. 2).
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