7. =pūgnātum tum est=: Pompey would have refused battle, but was urged on by his followers. The knights and senators who fought in the Pompeian ranks soon broke and fled. At the first attack Pompey fled to his camp, where he tried to rally his routed forces, but he was unsuccessful. Leaping on his horse at the last moment, he escaped through the rear gate of the camp, nor did he draw rein until he reached Larissa. Thence he hastened to the coast, where he took ship for Egypt. 9. =ā rēge Aegyptī=: he was only a nominal king. Egypt was made a province by Augustus, Bk. VII, 7. 11. =occīdit=: he caused Pompey to be inveigled into a boat, where he was murdered and his head severed from his body. His corpse was flung into the surf, where it was picked up later and burned. 12. =quō cōnspectō=: ‘and when Caesar had seen it.’ 14. =generī quondam suī=: Pompey had married Julia, the daughter of Caesar, in 60 B.C. It was her death in 54 B.C. that tended to loosen the bond existing between them. CH. 22. 17. =victus=: Caesar conquered the royal forces on the banks of the Nile. 18. =Alexandrīā=: when Caesar set fire to the royal fleet, the flames consumed the great library of Alexandria, containing 400,000 volumes. In this fire some of the greatest literary treasures of antiquity perished. =Cleopatrae=: the famous queen who proved to be the ruin of Antony, Bk. VII, 6, 7. 20. =Pompēiō in auxilium=: Eutropius seldom uses the double Dative; cf. _Rōmānīs fuisset auxiliō_, Bk. IV, 3. 22. =vīcit aciē=: it was after this battle that Caesar sent to the senate the famous message _vēnī, vīdī, vīcī_, ‘I came, I saw, I conquered.’ PAGE 61. CH. 23. 2. =eī … dictātōrī=: ‘while he was dictator’; _dictātōrī_ is in apposition with _eī_. 6. =hīc etiam=: ‘he also’; as well as Caesar. 7. =M. Porcius Catō=: he was the great-grandson of the M. Porcius Cato mentioned in Bk. IV, 23. He is known in history as Cato Uticensis, from Utica, where he committed suicide. He was famous for the austerity of his manners and for his studied imitation of the customs of early days. 9. =victor fuit=: in the battle of Thapsus. CH. 24. 15. =Cn. Pompēius=: he had gone into Spain and had gathered around him adventurers of all sorts. At first Caesar had sent officers to subdue the revolt, but finding their efforts unsuccessful, he took command in person. After encountering great personal danger, he gained a complete victory. Thirty thousand of the vanquished perished. Gnaeus Pompey escaped from the field, but was afterward overtaken and slain. Sextus, the younger son of Pompey, was the only leader of the republican party left. PAGE 62. CH. 25. 1. =honōrēs=: ‘offices’; political honors. 3. =rēgia ac paene tyrannica=: ‘like a king and almost like a usurper.’ Nepos defines a tyrannus as one ‘who is in perpetual power in that state which enjoyed liberty.’ 8. =senātūs diē=: ‘on the day of the senate’; on the day when the senate met.