THE LABARUM, OR CHRISTIAN STANDARD, FROM A COIN OF CONSTANTINE 552 NOE AND THE ARK, AS A SYMBOL OF THE CHURCH, FROM A PICTURE IN THE CATACOMBS 557 THE SACRIFICE OF ABRAHAM, FROM A PICTURE IN THE CATACOMBS 563 [Illustration: Interior of a Roman dwelling at Pompeii.] Part First.--Peace. CHAPTER I. THE CHRISTIAN HOUSE. It is on an afternoon in September of the year 302, that we invite our reader to accompany us through the streets of Rome. The sun has declined, and is about two hours from his setting; the day is cloudless, and its heat has cooled, so that multitudes are issuing from their houses, and making their way towards Cæsar’s gardens on one side, or Sallust’s on the other, to enjoy their evening walk, and learn the news of the day. [Illustration: Plan of Pansa’s house, at Pompeii.] But the part of the city to which we wish to conduct our friendly reader is that known by the name of the Campus Martius. It comprised the flat alluvial plain between the seven hills of older Rome and the Tiber. Before the close of the republican period, this field, once left bare for the athletic and warlike exercises of the people, had begun to be encroached upon by public buildings. Pompey had erected in it his theatre; soon after, Agrippa raised the Pantheon and its adjoining baths. But gradually it became occupied by private dwellings; while the hills, in the early empire the aristocratic portion of the city, were seized upon for greater edifices. Thus the Palatine, after Nero’s fire, became almost too small for the Imperial residence and its adjoining Circus Maximus. The Esquiline was usurped by Titus’s baths, built on the ruins of the Golden House, the Aventine by Caracalla’s; and at the period of which we write, the Emperor Dioclesian was covering the space sufficient for many lordly dwellings, by the erection of his Thermæ[1] on the Quirinal, not far from Sallust’s garden, just alluded to.