Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing CardsChatto, William Andrew
History
Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards
Chatto, William Andrew
Playing cards -- History
Von Murr, in the second volume of his Journal, gives a description of a
nearly complete pack of those cards, which were then in the possession
of a gentleman named Silberrad, residing at Nuremberg, but which are
now in the British Museum.[262] He calls them old Trappola cards, and
says that they are certainly of an earlier date than the time of Israel
van Mecken the younger; or rather, that they were engraved by Israel
the elder. "The suits," he says, "are distinguished, after the Italian
manner, by SPADE; COPPE; DANARI (represented by Pomegranates); and
BASTONI."[263] The cards displayed in the preceding specimens
are: the Deuce of Swords; the Valet of Cups; the Ten of Pomegranates;
and the Ten of Clubs. In the latter, the Club seen on the banner is
rough and knotty, and not an artificially-formed Baton, as is sometimes
seen on old Italian cards: it has previously been observed that the
Bastoni were sometimes called Colonne, from their being something like
slender pillars.
[Illustration: Swords. (p. 227.)]
[Illustration: Cups. (p. 227.)]
[Illustration: Batons. (p. 227.)]
[Illustration: Money. (p. 227.)]
It would appear, from the testimony of contemporary authors, that
the cards most commonly used in Italy in the latter part of the
fifteenth century, were those which had SPADE, COPPE, BASTONI, and
DANARI--Swords, Cups, Batons, and Money,--as the marks of the suits.
These continued to be the common marks on Italian cards in the
sixteenth century, and even to a much later period; and such also would
appear to have been the marks of the cards used in Spain, from the
period of their first introduction into that country, to the present
day. The annexed woodcuts, copied from a plate in Breitkopf,[264] are
the Sevens of each of the four suits in a pack of Tarots. The marks are
precisely the same as in modern Tarots; and there is reason to believe
that they are nearly the same, with respect to form, as those of the
earliest Italian Tarocchi cards, properly so called.
The relation which the marks of the suits bear to each other in the
three varieties of cards most generally known in Europe, will perhaps
be best understood from the following summary, which shows, at one
view, the names given to the suits of each variety in the country where
such cards were chiefly used.
GERMAN CARDS.
_German Names of the Suits._
HERZEN, oder ROTH. GRÜN. EICHELN. SCHELLEN.
(HEARTS, or RED. GREEN (LEAVES). ACORNS. BELLS.)
SPANISH AND ITALIAN CARDS.
_Spanish Names._
COPAS. ESPADAS. BASTOS. OROS.
_Italian Names._
COPPE. SPADE. BASTONI. DANARI.
(CUPS. SWORDS. CLUBS, or BATONS. MONEY.)
FRENCH CARDS.
_French Names._
CŒUR. PIQUE. TRÈFLE. CARREAU.
(HEARTS. SPADES. CLUBS. DIAMONDS.)
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