Faraday, Michael, 1791-1867; Physicists -- Great Britain -- Biography
It appears to me that these words might with justice be applied to
Faraday's own researches at this time. They furnish us with results of
permanent value; but little help can be found in the theory advanced
to account for them. It would, perhaps, be more correct to say that
the theory itself is hardly presentable in any tangible form to the
intellect. Faraday looks, and rightly looks, into the heart of the
decomposing body itself; he sees, and rightly sees, active within it
the forces which produce the decomposition, and he rejects, and rightly
rejects, the notion of external attraction; but beyond the hypothesis of
decompositions and recompositions, enunciated and developed by Grothuss
and Davy, he does not, I think, help us to any definite conception as
to how the force reaches the decomposing mass and acts within it. Nor,
indeed, can this be done, until we know the true physical process which
underlies what we call an electric current.
Faraday conceives of that current as 'an axis of power having contrary
forces exactly equal in amount in opposite directions'; but this
definition, though much quoted and circulated, teaches us nothing
regarding the current. An 'axis' here can only mean a direction; and
what we want to be able to conceive of is, not the axis along which the
power acts, but the nature and mode of action of the power itself. He
objects to the vagueness of De la Rive; but the fact is, that both
he and De la Rive labour under the same difficulty. Neither wishes
to commit himself to the notion of a current compounded of two
electricities flowing in two opposite directions: but the time had
not come, nor is it yet come, for the displacement of this provisional
fiction by the true mechanical conception. Still, however indistinct the
theoretic notions of Faraday at this time may be, the facts which are
rising before him and around him are leading him gradually, but surely,
to results of incalculable importance in relation to the philosophy of
the voltaic pile.
He had always some great object of research in view, but in the pursuit
of it he frequently alighted on facts of collateral interest, to examine
which he sometimes turned aside from his direct course. Thus we find the
series of his researches on electrochemical decomposition interrupted
by an inquiry into 'the power of metals and other solids, to induce the
combination of gaseous bodies.' This inquiry, which was received by the
Royal Society on Nov. 30, 1833, though not so important as those
which precede and follow it, illustrates throughout his strength as an
experimenter. The power of spongy platinum to cause the combination of
oxygen and hydrogen had been discovered by Dobereiner in 1823, and had
been applied by him in the construction of his well-known philosophic
lamp. It was shown subsequently by Dulong and Thenard that even a
platinum wire, when perfectly cleansed, may be raised to incandescence
by its action on a jet of cold hydrogen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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