Feudal England: Historical Studies on the Eleventh and Twelfth CenturiesRound, John Horace
History
Feudal England: Historical Studies on the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Round, John Horace
Domesday book; Feudalism -- Great Britain; Great Britain -- History -- Norman period, 1066-1154; Normans -- Great Britain
In Witham et Mannetorp et Toftlund habuit _Hereward_ xii.
bovatas terræ ad geldum.... Ibi Asuert [_sic_] homo abbatis
Turoldi habet, etc....
Berew[ita] hujus M. in Bercaham et Estou i. carucata terræ ad
geldum. ... Ibi Asford habet, etc....
In Estov Soca in Witham iiii. bovatæ terræ et dimidia ad
geldum.... Ibi Asfort de abbate habet, etc.... (i. 346).
This is the 'terra Asford' referred to in the 'Clamores', and, as
amounting to 3-1/16 carucates, it is clearly the 'iii. carucatas'
assigned in our list to 'Ansford'. Thus, through his successor
Ansford, we have at last run down our man; Hereward was, exactly as is
stated by Hugh 'Candidus', a 'man' of the Abbot of Peterborough;
and his holding was situated at Witham on the Hill,[9] not far from
Bourne, and, at Barholme-with-Stow a few miles off, all in the extreme
south-west of the county. This is the fact for which Mr Freeman sought
in vain, and which has eluded Professor Tout, in his careful life of
the outlaw for the _Dictionary of National Biography_.
We are now in a position to examine the gloss of Hugh 'Candidus',
showing how 'Baldwin Wake' possessed the holdings both of Hugh and of
Ansford:[10]
Primus Hugo de Euremu. Baldwinus Wake tenet in Depinge,
Plumtre, et Stove feoda duorum militum.... Et præterea dictus
Baldewinus tenet feodum unius militis in Wytham et Bergham
de terra Affordi. Et prædictus Baldewinus de predictis feodis
abbati de Burgo debet plenarie respondere de omni forensi
[servitio].
Here we see how the legendary name and legendary position of Hereward
were evolved. The Wakes, Lords of Bourne, held among their lands some,
not far from Bourne, which had once been held by Hereward. Thus arose
the story that Hereward had been Lord of Bourne; and it was but a
step further to connect him directly with the Wakes, by giving him
a daughter and heir married to Hugh de Evermou, whose lands had
similarly passed to the Lords of Bourne. The pedigree-maker's crowning
stroke was to make Hereward himself a Wake,[11] just as Baldwin fitz
Gilbert (de Clare) is in one place transformed into a Wake.[12] The
climax was reached when the modern Wakes revived the name of Hereward,
just as 'Sir Brian Newcome of Newcome' set the seal to his family
legend by giving his children 'names out of the Saxon calendar'.
Returning to Hereward himself, we find Mr Freeman writing (of the
spring of 1070):
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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