[Footnote 13: 'Norman Richard still held his castle in Herefordshire' (Hunt's _Norman Britain_, p. 69).] [Footnote 14: Mr Clark refers to this passage, adding: 'So that these places, probably like Richard's castle, were in Norman hands' (_M.M.A._, i. 37).] [Footnote 15: 'Osbernus vero, cognomento Pentecost, et socius ejus Hugo sua reddiderunt castella.'] [Footnote 16: I have noted several cases in point, that of Walter Giffard being the most striking. But we also read in _William Rufus_ (ii. 551) that 'Henry, son of Swegen, who comes so often under Henry the Second, is the unlucky descendant of Robert, son of Wymarc', that is to say, Henry 'of Essex', who was a son of Robert, not of Swegen, and who belonged to a wholly different family and district.] [Footnote 17: 'Worse than all, the original sinners of the Herefordshire border, Richard and his son Osbern, were still lords of English soil, and holders of English offices' (iv. 53).] [Footnote 18: Named, as Mr Freeman pointed out, after Harold, son of Earl Ralph, not after Harold, son of Godwine.] [Footnote 19: 'That Ralph succeeded Swegen on his final banishment in 1051, I have no doubt at all' (ii. 562).] [Footnote 20: '"The castle" is doubtless Richard's castle.... Here again the expressions witness to the deep feeling awakened by the building of this castle' (ii. 309).] [Footnote 21: 'The Norman lords whom Eadward had settled in Herefordshire proved but poor defenders of their adopted country. The last continental improvements in the art of fortification proved vain to secure the land' (_ibid._).] [Footnote 22: Florence (1067) speaks of the 'Herefordenses castellani et Richardus filius Scrob' as the opponents of Eadric. I could almost have fancied that the words 'Herefordenses castellani' referred to 'the castle' in Herefordshire (see vol. ii. p. 139); but the words of the Worcester chronicler 'þa castelmenn on Hereforda' seem to fix the meaning to the city itself' (iv. 64).] [Footnote 23: I have no hesitation in offering these criticisms, because Mr Freeman's views have been embraced throughout by Mr Hunt, who has followed closely in his footsteps. For instance: