Field book of common rocks and minerals : $b for identifying the rocks and minerals of the United States and interpreting their origins and meaningsLoomis, Frederic Brewster
Science
Field book of common rocks and minerals : $b for identifying the rocks and minerals of the United States and interpreting their origins and meanings
Loomis, Frederic Brewster
Minerals -- United States; Rocks -- United States
The fourth system has all the axes unequal, the a axis and the b axis at
right angles to each other, but the c axis is inclined to the a axis,
meeting it at some other than a right angle. The monoclinic system is
like the orthorhombic system except that it leans, or is askew, in one
direction. The result is that the faces at the ends of the b axis are
rhombohedral, while the others are rectangular. As in the foregoing
system, the faces are in pairs at opposite ends of the axes; and as in
the orthorhombic system, a face may occur on one edge and only have to
be repeated on the edge diagonally opposite. The simplest form in this
system will be made by combining the three pairs of faces at the
opposite ends of the axes, which gives a prism, which is rectangular in
cross section, but leans backward (or forward) if placed on end. As in
all the systems, if a corner is cut, all must be cut; and if these
corner faces are extended to meet each other, an octahedron results, in
which, as in the prism, no two axes are equal. If this octahedron is
properly orientated (_i.e._ with the a and b axes horizontal), it will
lean forward or backward. Many minerals belong to this system; and, as
in the orthorhombic system, it is not uncommon to have the vertical
edges so beveled that two of the prism faces are obliterated, and the
remaining two prism faces with the four new faces make a six-sided
prism, which seems hexagonal. (See plate 3, figure 3.) However, such a
pseudo-hexagonal prism may be recognized by at least one pair of the
faces having distinguishing marks (striæ, pits, or dullness), instead of
all being just alike.
Triclinic system
The fifth or triclinic system has all the axes unequal, and no two of
them intersect at right angles. As in the two preceding systems the
faces occur in pairs at the opposite ends of the axes. This is the most
difficult system in which to orientate a crystal, but fortunately only a
few crystals occur in this system, such as the feldspars.
Hexagonal system
Lastly there is a group of crystals which have four axes, one vertical,
and three in the horizontal plane which intersect each other at angles
of 60°, all these three being equal to each other, but different from
the vertical axis. The simplest form in this system is the six-sided
prism. If one corner of this prism is cut all must be, and if these
corner faces are extended to meet each other, a double-six-sided pyramid
results. In this system if one of the vertical edges of the prism is
beveled, all must be, but the horizontal edges need not be; or the
horizontal edges may be beveled and the vertical ones not. The ends as
they are related to the c axis may be developed independently of the
prism, and so the prism may be simply truncated by a flat end, or have
pyramids on either end.
Hemihedral forms
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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