The Ainos of Japan use flint and steel for striking-a-light, this method having supplanted the generation of fire by sticks (p. 551.) This outfit shown (fig. 57, pl. LXXXI) is complete. The shoe-shaped steel is attached by a piece of sinew to the cork of a small wooden bottle containing the soft charcoal used as tinder. The flint is a small piece of ferruginous silex. With this set is a piece of stick which retains fire for a long time. It is the root of the _Ulmus campestris_, or _lævis_, formerly used for the fire-drill (see fig. 17), but has come into a secondary place since the introduction of the flint and steel. [Illustration: Fig. 54. Flint and Steel. (Cat. No 126576, U. S. N. M. Guadalajara Indiana, Mexico. Collected by Edward Palmer.)] [Illustration: Fig. 55. Smokers’ Pipe-lighting Outfit (showing flint, steel, pipe-pick, and pincers). (Cat. No. 130607, U. S. N. M. Koords of Bhotan, eastern Turkey. Collected by Rev. A. N. Andrus.)] [Illustration: Fig. 56. Strike-a-light. (Cat. No. 130311, U. S. N. M. China. Gift of George G. Fryer.)] Plate LXXXI. [Illustration: Fig. 57. Strike-a-light. Flint, steel, tinder-box, and rush-pouch. Cat. No. 22257, U. S. N. M. Ainos of Yezo, Japan. Collected by B. S. Lyman.] [Illustration: Fig. 58.] [Illustration: Fig. 59. Tinder-Box (showing mounted steel, flint, and bundle of shaving matches; box one-third natural size). (Cat. No. 127137, U. S. N. M. Japan. Gift of the Japanese Department of Education, Tokio.)] To strike a light the Aino takes out the cork with the steel attached and stirs up the tinder with the sharp point. He then holds up the flint in his hand over the box and strikes a spark down into it. He then transfers the coal to his pipe, or material for fire, or fire-stick, with the point of the steel. These articles are kept in a rush pouch of twined weaving. A much ruder pouch of fishskin is in the Museum. The Japanese tinder-box has two compartments, one with a damper for the tinder, and the other larger one for the flint and steel. This box is a familiar object in Japanese kitchens yet. The mounting of the steel in wood is an improvement on holding it between the fingers (fig. 58 and 59). No one it seems ever thought of so mounting the steel in Western countries. The matches are broad shavings tipped at both ends with sulphur, and are the Japanese rendering of the “spunks” used with our tinder-box. [Illustration: Fig. 60. Smokers’ Strike-a-light. (Cat. No. 128138, U. S. N. M. Tokio, Japan. Gift of the Japanese Department of Education.)] Smokers in Japan carry a very small strike-a-light (fig. 60). The cloth pouch with a long flap that can be rolled around several times and tied, contains the three essentials, flint, steel, and tinder, the latter of burnt cotton. _List of specimens described and figured._