[56] Sanchouniathon, as translated by Philo of Byblus, _ap._ Euseb., _Praep. Ev._ i. 10, 9, in what purports to be a Phœnician account, would bring the invention right down to the Iron Age. “Many generations later Agreus and Halieus sprang from the stock of Hypsouranios. They were the discoverers of hunting and fishing, hunters and fishers being called after them. From these in turn sprang two brothers, inventors of iron and iron-working. One of these brothers, Chrysor, practised spells and charms and oracles. He is Hephaistos, and he it is who invented hook and bait and line and boat, being the first of all men to set sail. Wherefore also they worshipped him as a god after his death, and named him Zeus Meilíchios.” [57] E. Krause, _op. cit._, 208, holds that the most primitive hook was made of wood: bind a thorn or sprig crossways and your hook is to hand. [58] H. T. Sheringham holds that both early and recent specimens of Fijian hooks bear out this view (_Ency. Brit._, ed. xi., _s.v._ “Angling”). “The progressive order of hooks used by the Indians or their predecessors in title in North America was, after the simple device of attaching the bait to the end of a fibrous line, (1) a gorge, a spike of wood or bone, sharpened at both ends and fastened at its middle to a line; (2) a spike set obliquely in the end of a pliant shaft; (3) a plain hook; (4) a barbed hook; (5) a barbed hook combined with sinker and lure. This series does not exactly represent stages of invention: the evolution may have been affected by the habits of the different species of fish or their increasing wariness. The above progressive order applies, I believe, on the whole all over the world, if due allowance be made for varying conditions” (_Smithsonian Handbook of American Indians_ (Washington), p. 460). [59] See _Man_, Feb., 1915, “Note on the new kind of Fish-hook,” by Henry Balfour. The illustration is reproduced by the kind permission of Mr. H. Balfour and the Royal Anthropological Institute. Another notable hook is one of wood about four inches long with a claw (said to be that of a bird) attached, which Vancouver collected on his voyage in N.W. American waters (see Ethnographical Coll. at Brit. Mus.). The whalebone in this must not be mistaken for anything else but a snood. For the ingenious derivation of certain hooks in some South Sea Islands from their similarity to the bones of common fish, _e.g._ Cod and Haddock, see T. McKenny Hughes, in _Archæol. Jour._, vol. 58, No. 230, pp. 199-213. See also J. G. Wood, _Nature’s Teaching_ (London, 1877), pp. 115-6, on the point. [60] See _infra_, p. 357.