[61] My own Mohave Rod is of _’ihora_, the red willow of that district, barked and straightened by an ingenious Indian method. The line is of the prepared bast of _’ido_, another species of willow, and the hook of barrel cactus thorn. Hooks made out of _Echinocactus wislizeni_ are better adapted for fish which do not nibble at the bait, but bolt it hook and all; for this reason the Indians fasten the bait _below_ the hook (E. Palmer, “Fish-hooks of the Mohave Indians,” _American Naturalist_, vol. xii. p. 403). On the north-west coast the Indians a generation ago invariably used spruce-wood for their halibut hooks (Rau, p. 139). Some Maori hooks are of human bone and _pawa_, with _kiwi_ feathers. [62] I do not think that these gold hooks were a unit of currency, as the _lari_ of the Persian Gulf were, according to W. Ridgeway, _The Origin of Metallic Currency_, etc. (Cambridge), 1892, p. 276. This gold hook must not be confounded with the _silver hook_ not infrequently employed in the remoter districts of Great Britain by certain anglers, who in their anxiety to avoid being greeted with Martial’s “ecce redit sporta piscator _inani_,” cross with silver the palm of more fortunate brethren, and “Take with high erected comb The fish, or else the story, home And cook it.” [63] See R. Munro’s _Lake Dwellings of Europe_, pp. 127, 499, 509. Flinders Petrie, _Tools and Weapons_ (London, 1917), p. 37 f., has a section on fish-hooks with good illustrations, pl. 44, figs. 61-87, pl. 43, figs. 59, 60, 88-102. “Considering how much the Lake-dwellers relied upon fishing, the moderate number of hooks found points to their depending more on nets. The few copied here, 88-94, are merely rounded, without any peculiar form.” [64] Many of the Solutréan tanged blades and _pointes à cran_ are small enough to suggest their use as arrowheads, and Rutot has described tanged and barbed “arrowheads” from Palæolithic deposits in Belgium. [65] _Op. cit._, p. 160. But why? Flint points break quicker than wood. [66] See Julie Schlemm, _Wörterbuch zur Vorgeschichte_ (Berlin, 1908), pp. 555-7. The immediate successors of the single spear were probably the bident and trident. Owing to the refraction of light and other reasons a spear is difficult of accurate direction, but the broader surface of the trident helps to lessen the factor of error. [67] H. J. Osborne (_op. cit._, p. 385 ff.) states that, with the exception of one half-finished hole in a Harpoon from La Madelaine, the side hole for the attachment of the thong to the Harpoon does not appear in the French Magdalenian Harpoon, although in those from Cantabria it is nearly always present. The Azilian weapon usually bears a hole. [68] _The Troglodytes of the Vézère Valley_, Smithsonian Report, 1872, p. 95.