fff) Flowers hermaphrodite, paniculate, small to medium-sized; anthers small, with a narrow connective; lateral nerves of the leaves prominent and parallel; seeds arillate; sepals persistent and often accrescent. =Dilleniaceæ= ee) Stamens few (12 or fewer): f) Leaves compound or very much divided: g) Herbs; fruit an achene; seed with copious endosperm and small embryo; flowers mostly yellow. =Ranunculaceæ= gg) Trees or shrubs; fruit a follicle; seeds without endosperm; leaves pinnate. =Connaraceæ= ff) Leaves simple: g) Flowers hermaphrodite; shrubs or trees; seeds arillate, aril entire, more or less cupular; petals 5. =Connaraceæ= gg) Flowers unisexual; petals and stamens in threes or multiples of three. =Menispermaceæ= =GROUP 2. Two or more free carpels; petals present, more or less united.= Herbs with fleshy opposite leaves; flowers racemose, cymose or paniculate; corolla more or less tubular; calyx sometimes inflated and membranous. =Crassulaceæ= Trees, shrubs or climbers with usually pinnate or unifoliolate leaves; petals very shortly connate at the base; seeds often arillate; calyx never inflated. =Connaraceæ= =GROUP 3. Two or more free carpels; petals absent.= a) Trees, shrubs or hard-wooded climbers; leaves simple or rarely compound: b) Leaves stipulate; stamens free or slightly connate at the base; anthers opening by slits; fruits drupaceous, included by the tubular calyx. =Rosaceæ= bb) Leaves stipulate; stamens united into a column; anthers in a ring around the top of the column or unequally arranged, opening by slits; hairs often stellate. =Sterculiaceæ= aa) Herbs with radical or alternate leaves, or very soft wooded climbers with often opposite leaves and rather broad medullary rays in the wood: b) Carpels usually numerous, rarely reduced to 1 and then stipulate, often with long hairy tails; sepals induplicate valvate or rarely imbricate, often petaloid; stamens free; leaves sometimes opposite and much divided. =Ranunculaceæ= bb) Carpels definite in number, often 3 or 6; flowers unisexual; stamens free or variously connate; climbers with simple leaves. =Menispermaceæ=