=Cactaceæ= cc) Tree or shrubs with well-developed green leaves; seeds with endosperm; stamens sometimes opposite the petals. =Samydaceæ= aa) Flowers unisexual; stamens few, with twisted or conduplicate anthers; usually slender twiners with tendrils; leaves often scabrid. =Cucurbitaceæ= =GROUP 8. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; ovary inferior; petals present, more or less united.= Flowers unisexual; leaves alternate without longitudinally parallel nerves; tendrils often present; stamens mostly 3; anthers often twisted or conduplicate. =Cucurbitaceæ= Flowers hermaphrodite; leaves opposite or verticillate often with longitudinally parallel nerves, without stipules; anthers mostly opening by terminal pores. =Melastomataceæ= Flowers hermaphrodite, very rarely unisexual; leaves opposite or alternate, often stipulate; anthers not opening by pores, sometimes connivent at the apex; ovules numerous on the walls; petals united into a long tube; stipules persistent, inter- or intra-petiolar. =Rubiaceæ=(Gardenia) =GROUP 9. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; ovary inferior; petals absent; leaves exstipulate; calyx unilateral or 3 lobed and often coloured.= =Aristolochiaceæ= =GROUP 10. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules attached to the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary superior; petals present, free from each other.= a) Perfect stamens the same number as the petals and opposite to them; leaves alternate or rarely opposite or all radical: b) Leaves not gland-dotted; petals and stamens more or less hypogynous or subperigynous; disk usually conspicuous: c) Calyx lobes or sepals imbricate, usually 2; stipules often scarious or setose; ovary 1-celled, with basal placenta. =Portulacaceæ= cc) Calyx lobes valvate or open in bud: d) Disk absent from the flowers: e) Trees and shrubs; ovules usually 2 or more inserted on the inner angle of the cells; hairs on the leaves often stellate. =Sterculiaceæ= ee) Herbs mostly with rosettes of leaves; flowers in corymbs; calyx tube scarious, ribbed; ovule 1, pendulous on a basal funicle. =Plumbaginaceæ=