Flowers of the SkyProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Flowers of the Sky
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Astronomy
This view, indeed, although it has not been definitely entertained as I
have here expressed it, has been suggested by reasoning which led others
to suppose that the coloured prominences around the sun may be auroras.
Perceiving the nature of the connection between terrestrial magnetism
and auroras, Balfour Stewart reasoned that we may extend our inquiries
and ask, "If the sun's action is able to create a terrestrial aurora,
why may he not also create an aurora in his own atmosphere?" It occurred
independently to General Sabine, Prof. Challis, and himself, that the
red flames visible during a total solar eclipse "may be solar auroræ."
We now know that the solar flames are not auroræ, nor, properly
speaking, flames at all, but great masses of glowing vapour. It is not,
however, by any means so clear that the solar corona is not auroral in
its nature. The following reasoning, applied by Balfour Stewart to the
sun's prominences, applies with much greater force to the corona. After
mentioning the height (from 70,000 to 80,000) which some prominences
attain, he proceeds, "Considering the gravity of the sun, we are
naturally unwilling to suppose that there can be any considerable amount
of atmosphere at such a distance from his surface; and we are therefore
induced to seek for an explanation of these red flames amongst those
phenomena which require the smallest possible amount of atmosphere for
their manifestation. Now the experiments of Mr. Gassiot and the observed
height of the terrestrial aurora alike convince us that this meteor
will answer our requirements best. And besides this, the curved
appearance of these red flames, and their high actinic power, in virtue
of which one of them, not visible to the eye, was photographed by Mr. De
la Rue, are bonds of union between these and terrestrial auroræ."
All this and much more may be said of the solar corona. Its streamers
extend not 70,000 or 80,000 miles, but 700,000 or 800,000 miles, from
the surface of the sun, where the pressure must be far smaller than near
the summits of even the loftiest prominences. They are curved and
striated, like those of the aurora, whereas the shapes of the
prominences bear only a distant resemblance to auroral streamers. They
possess a high actinic (_i.e._, photographic) power, as is shewn by the
readiness with which, during the total eclipse of December, 1871, they
were photographed, no less than six well-defined negatives being taken
both by Col. Tennant, at Ootacamund, and by Mr. Davis, at Baikal, during
the brief continuance (only a few minutes) of total obscuration. In
every respect the solar corona accords far better than do the solar
coloured prominences with the appearance we should expect to recognise
in solar auroras.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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