Processes and artifacts of the food supply.--Fishing.--Methods of fishing.--The mystic element.--Religion and industry.-- Artifacts and freaks of nature.--Forms of stone axes.--How stone implements are made.--How arrowheads are made.--How stone axes are used.--Acculturation or parallelism.--Fire-making tools.--Psychophysical traits of primitive man.--Language.-- Language and magic.--Language is a case of folkways.--Primitive dialects.--Taking up and dropping language.--Pigeon dialects.-- How languages grow.--Money.--Intergroup and intragroup money.-- Predominant wares.--Intragroup money from property; intergroup money from trade.--Shell and bead money.--Token money.-- Selection of a predominant ware.--Stone money in Melanesia.-- Plutocratic effects of money.--Money on the northwest coast of North America.--Wampumpeag and roanoke.--Ring money. Use of metal.--The evolution of money.--The ethical functions of money. +122. Processes and artifacts of the food supply.+ The processes and the artifacts which are connected with food supply offer us the purest and simplest illustrations of the development of folkways. They are not free from the admixture of superstition and vanity, but the element of expediency predominates in them. It is reported of the natives of New South Wales that a man will lie on a rock with a piece of fish in his hand, feigning sleep. A hawk or crow darts at the fish, but is caught by the man. It is also reported of Australians that a man swims under water, breathing through a reed, approaches ducks, pulls one under water by the legs, wrings its neck, and so secures a number of them.[165] If these stories can be accepted with confidence, they may well furnish us a starting point for a study of the art of catching animals. The man really has no tool, but must rely entirely on his own quickness and dexterity. Birdlime is a device for which many plants furnish material,[166] and which is available even against large game, which is fretted and worn out by it until it becomes the prey of man. A Botocudo hunter grates the eggs of an alligator together, when he finds them on the bank, and so entices the mother.[167] The Yuroks of California sprinkled berries on the shallow bottom of a river and stretched a net a few inches below the surface of the water. Ducks diving for the berries were caught by the neck in the meshes and drowned. As they hung quiet they did not frighten away others.[168] The Tarahumari catch birds by stringing corn kernels on a fiber which is buried underground. The bird swallows the corn and cannot eject it.[169] Various animals were trained to help man in the food quest and were thus drawn into the industrial organization. The animals furnished materials (skin, bone, teeth, hair, horns) and also tools, so that the food quest broadened beyond the immediate supply of food into mechanical industrial forms. The Shingu