Merited celebrity attaches to the exploits of the typhoid-carrier, Mary Malloy, who, in pursuing her career as cook in and about New York City, is known to have caused at least seven typhoid outbreaks in various families in which she worked and one extensive hospital epidemic. Similar cases of typhoid food infection by employees in restaurants and public institutions are by no means uncommon, and show the necessity of protecting food from contamination during the whole process of preparation and serving. Acting on this principle, the Department of Health of New York City has inaugurated a comprehensive examination of the cooks and waiters (approximately 90,000) employed in the public restaurants and dining-rooms in that city. Results have been obtained in the discovery of typhoid-carriers and of cases of communicable disease that amply justify this procedure as an important measure for protecting the community against the dissemination of infection. Some foods by their origin are exposed more than others to typhoid contamination. Such vegetables as lettuce, celery, radishes, and watercress, which are commonly eaten without cooking, are more likely to convey typhoid than peas, beans, and potatoes. A typhoid outbreak apparently due to watercress has been reported from Philadelphia.[50] At a wedding breakfast to forty-three guests on June 24, 1913, watercress sandwiches were served, and subsequent inquiry showed that nineteen of the guests partook of these sandwiches. Eighteen of this number became ill with typhoid fever within a month, the illness developing in most cases after the guests had scattered to their summer homes. Those who did not eat watercress sandwiches were not affected. Typhoid infection by uncooked celery has also been reported.[51] The practice of using human excreta as fertilizer in truck gardens is sometimes responsible for a dangerous contamination of the soil, which is communicated to the growing plants and persists for a long time.[52] Even scrupulous washing of vegetables is not sufficient to render them bacterially clean. In the future the danger to the community from this source is likely to become increasingly serious unless the growing use of this method of soil enrichment is definitely checked. In 1915 an increasing number of typhoid cases in South Philadelphia led to an investigation by the state health department.[53] This disclosed the fact that the majority of the cases were clustered in and about three public markets. These are all curb markets--fruits, vegetables, pastry, clothing, and miscellaneous merchandise of every description are dumped on push-carts and pavements without regard for any sanitary precautions. The patrons of these markets handle and pick over the exposed foodstuffs, thus giving every opportunity for the transmission of disease....