Foods and Household Management: A Textbook of the Household ArtsKinne, Helen
General
Foods and Household Management: A Textbook of the Household Arts
Kinne, Helen
Cooking; Food; Home economics
The divisions of the income for which we should provide are food, shelter,
including taxes and operating expenses, clothing, and the “higher life,”
including recreation, education, and savings. The size of the income
determines largely the proportion of money allotted to each division. We
must be nourished and protected from the elements by shelter and clothing,
and an income must at least provide for these necessities to be a living
wage. Yet we justly claim something more from our income than mere
existence.
In most families there is a fairly definite income. When the amount is not
known it is wise to estimate upon the minimum income and have a surplus,
rather than to expend too much. Seventy-five years ago things cost less
and incomes were less, to-day the incomes have increased and cost of
living is growing higher. The question is one to be studied relatively,
and the cost of living will depend on the ratio between income and one’s
methods of living.
Just what other satisfactions than the merely physical are to be gratified
is the great question for the woman who divides the income. The problem is
naturally hardest with the smallest income, where the “must be” crowds out
the “may be.” But there is room for choice even with the small wage.
This work of dividing the income and deciding on the ideals should be
shared by the family. When the home is first started the husband and wife
should discuss frankly the problems of division and should agree on the
methods of expenditure. This common understanding between members of a
family forms a bond of union, and each feels a greater pleasure and pride
in doing his part. The fact that there is a budget and a system brings
orderliness in methods of work and freedom from worry and anxiety as well
as a saving of money. And this saving of money and strength is the same as
an increase in income. This budget or division of expenses acts as a
sailing chart and can be referred to from month to month. It should not,
however, become a burden, and one should not worry if every penny is not
accounted for.
Statisticians tell us that about 75 per cent of the male adults of our
country earn somewhat less than $600 a year. That in large cities $900 to
$1000 a year is necessary to bring up a family to live decently and enjoy
human happiness. Much depends upon how this income is divided as to
whether results will tend to develop efficiency in the members of such a
family. As the income increases from $1000 to $5000 it is possible to
apportion the income and indicate certain percentages which represent wise
family expenditures so as to include the higher intellectual and emotional
life as well as the physical welfare of the family.
From comparison of many budgets statisticians have worked out certain
percentages that are helpful in making our decisions, although they are
not to be taken as fixed rules.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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