Accession of Antiochus IV Epiphanes on death of his brother, Seleucus Philopator. 175. Eucratides rebels against Demetrius of Bactria and seizes throne. 173. Antiochus Epiphanes seizes Judaea and Coele-Syria. 172. Third Macedonian War. 171. Antiochus Epiphanes invades Egypt and defeats Ptolemy Philometor at Pelusium. 170. Antiochus Epiphanes plunders Temple of Jerusalem. Ptolemy Philometor and Ptolemy Euergetes II made joint kings by Romans. Accession of Mithridates I to throne of Parthia. 168. Antiochus Epiphanes’ second invasion of Egypt stopped by Romans. Circle of Popilius Laena. 166. Antiochus Epiphanes again pillages Temple and persecutes Jewish religion. Samaritans make peace with Antiochus Epiphanes and accept Hellenization. Revolt of Maccabees against Syria. 164. Accession of Antiochus V Eupator on death of his father, Antiochus Epiphanes. 162. Judas Maccabaeus besieged in Jerusalem by Lysias for Antiochus Eupator. Peace made on Philip’s attempt to seize regency. Romans send embassy to Antiochus Eupator which compels him to burn his ships and kill his elephants. Demetrius escapes from Rome and invades Syria. 161. Romans recognize Demetrius as King of Syria with title of Demetrius I Soter. Judas Maccabaeus sends embassy to Rome, is attacked by Demetrius Soter, and slain. Judaea, under his brother Jonathan, submits to Syria. Timarchos, Satrap of Media, and Ptolemy, dynast of Commagene, proclaim themselves Kings, and are recognized by Romans. 160. Ptolemy Philometor expelled from Egypt by Euergetes II, but restored by Romans. Ptolemy, son of Glaucias, a recluse in Serapeum of Memphis. 159. Accession of Attalus II Philadelphus on death of his brother, Eumenes of Pergamum. 154. Ptolemy Euergetes II made King of Cyrene. Foundation of Jewish Temple or Oneion at Leontopolis in Egypt. 152. Alexander Bala, pretender to throne of Syria, recognized by Romans as son of Antiochus Epiphanes. 151. Coalition of Egyptian and Asiatic Kings with Romans against Demetrius Soter of Syria. 150. Demetrius Soter defeated and slain by coalition of Egyptian and Asiatic kings. Alexander Bala succeeds to throne of Syria, and marries Cleopatra Thea, daughter of Ptolemy Philometor. 149. Third Punic War. 145. Ptolemy Philometor invades Syria and defeats Alexander Bala at Oenoparas. Ptolemy killed in battle and Alexander by Nabathaeans. Accession of Ptolemy IX (Euergetes II) Physcon as sole king of Egypt. Accession of Demetrius II Nicator to throne of Syria. Civil war between Demetrius and Diodotus (Trypho) as regent for infant Antiochus VI Epiphanes Dionysos. 144. Ptolemy Physcon expels philosophers from Museum. 142. Simon Maccabaeus succeeds as High Priest Jonathan slain by Trypho. Simon Maccabaeus proclaims independence of Judaea.