141. Simon Maccabaeus sends embassy to Romans who receive Jews as “Friends of Rome.” 140. Mithridates I of Parthia seizes part of Bactria, Media, Susiana, and Persia. 139. Demetrius Nicator invades Parthia and is taken prisoner by Mithridates. Beginning of Era of Arsacides. Antiochus VI Epiphanes Dionysos murdered by Trypho, who is made King by army. 138. Accession of Attalus III Philometor on death of his father, Attalus II of Pergamum. Accession of Phraates II to throne of Parthia. 137. Antiochus VII Sidetes, brother of Demetrius Nicator, takes throne of Syria. 135. Antiochus Sidetes defeats Trypho, who commits suicide, at Apamea. John and Judas Maccabaeus, sons of Simon, defeat, at Modein, army of Antiochus Sidetes. Simon Maccabaeus assassinated by his son-in-law Ptolemy. John Hyrcanus succeeds his father Simon as High Priest. Hierocles, last Greek King of Bactria, after invasion of Sacae, transfers his capital to Sialkôt. Attalus of Pergamum bequeaths his kingdom to Romans. 134. Siege of Jerusalem by Antiochus Sidetes. Jews made tributaries to Syria. 130. Antiochus Sidetes invades Parthia and reconquers Babylonia and Media. Menander (the Milinda of Buddhists) King of Cabul and Punjab. 129. John Hyrcanus sends embassy to Rome for help against Syria. Medes rebel against Antiochus Sidetes, who is defeated by Phraates II of Parthia and commits suicide. Restoration of Demetrius Nicator to throne of Syria. Phraates II of Parthia slain in battle against Scythians. 129. Accession of Artabanus II of Parthia. 126. Demetrius Nicator defeated and slain by pretender, Alexander Zabina. 125. Destruction of Samaria by John Hyrcanus. 124. Accession of Mithridates II the Great on death of Artabanus II in battle against Tocharians. 122. Accession of Antiochus VIII Grypus, son of Demetrius Nicator, who with the help of Egypt defeats and slays Alexander Zabina. 120. Accession of Mithridates Eupator as King of Pontus. 117. Accession of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X Lathyrus. Civil war in Syria between Antiochus Grypus and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, son of Antiochus Sidetes. Division of Syria between them. 113. Antiochus Cyzicenus invades Judaea, and is ordered by Romans to withdraw. 106. Accession of Ptolemy XI Alexander. Aristobulus succeeds his father, John Hyrcanus, as High Priest, and proclaims himself King. 105. Municipality of Puteoli builds Serapeum. Aristobulus of Judaea annexes Iturea. Alexander Jannaeus succeeds, as King, his brother Aristobulus. 98. Alexander Jannaeus, trying to annex Ptolemais and Gaza, is defeated by Ptolemy Lathyrus, then King of Cyprus. Alexander Jannaeus makes league with Cleopatra III, who compels Ptolemy to withdraw. 96. Alexander Jannaeus captures Gaza and massacres inhabitants.