Fors Clavigera (Volume 4 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 4 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
Letter III. The power of Fate is independent of the Moral Law, but
never supersedes it. Virtue ceases to be such, if expecting reward:
it is therefore never materially rewarded. (I ought to have said,
except as one of the appointed means of physical and mental
health.) The Fates of England, and proper mode of studying them.
Stories of Henry II. and Richard I.
Letter IV. The value and nature of Education. It may be good,
bad,—or neither the one nor the other. Knowledge is not education,
and can neither make us happy nor rich. Opening discussion of the
nature and use of riches. Gold and diamonds are not riches, and the
reader is challenged to specify their use. Opening discussion of
the origin of wealth. It does not fall from heaven, (compare Letter
VII., page 19,) but is certainly obtainable, and has been generally
obtained, by pillage of the poor. Modes in which education in
virtue has been made costly to them, and education in vice cheap.
(Page 23.)
Letter V. The powers of Production. Extremity of modern folly in
supposing there can be over-production. The power of machines. They
cannot increase the possibilities of life, but only the
possibilities of idleness. (Page 13.) The things which are
essential to life are mainly three material ones and three
spiritual ones. First sketch of the proposed action of St. George’s
Company.
Letter VI. The Elysium of modern days. This letter, written under
the excitement of continual news of the revolution in Paris, is
desultory, and limits itself to noticing some of the causes of that
revolution: chiefly the idleness, disobedience, and covetousness of
the richer and middle classes.
Letter VII. The Elysium of ancient days. The definitions of true,
and spurious, Communism. Explanation of the design of true
Communism, in Sir Thomas More’s “Utopia.” This letter, though
treating of matters necessary to the whole work, yet introduces
them prematurely, being written, incidentally, upon the ruin of
Paris.
Assisi, 18th May, 1874.
So ended, as Fors would have it, my abstraction, which I see Fors had
her reason for stopping me in; else the abstraction would have needed
farther abstracting. As it is, the reader may find in it the real gist
of the remaining letters, and discern what a stiff business we have in
hand,—rent, capital, and interest, all to be attacked at once! and a
method of education shown to be possible in virtue, as cheaply as in
vice!
I should have got my business, stiff though it may be, farther forward
by this time, but for that same revolution in Paris, and burning of the
Tuileries, which greatly confused my plan by showing me how much baser
the human material I had to deal with, was, than I thought in
beginning.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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