Fors Clavigera (Volume 5 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 5 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
“I do not think that it is the partiality of a native that makes me
think you could hardly find a fairer inland pastoral scene than the one
I beheld from Wakefield Bridge the first time I stood there. On the
chapel side there was the soft green English landscape, with woods and
spires and halls, and the brown sails of boats silently moving among
the flowery banks; on the town side there were picturesque traffic and
life; the thundering weir, the wide still water beyond, the big
dark-red granaries, with balconies and archways to the water, and the
lofty white mills grinding out their cheering music.
“But there were no worse shapes than honest, dusty millers’ men, and
browned boatmen, decent people; no open vileness and foul language were
rampant in our quiet clean town in those days. I can remember how clean
the pavement used to look there, and at Doncaster. Both towns are
incredibly dirty now. I cannot bear to look at the filthy beslavered
causeway, in places where I remember to have never seen anything worse
than the big round thunder-drops I used to watch with gleeful interest.
“In those days we were proud of the cleanness and sweet air and
gentility of Wakefield. Leeds was then considered rather vulgar, as a
factory town, and Bradford was obscure, rough, and wild; but Wakefield
prided itself in refined living on moderate means, and cultured people
of small income were fond of settling there.
“Market day used to be a great event for us all.
“I wish that you could have seen the handsome farmers’ wives ranged
round the church walls, with their baskets of apricots and cream
cheese, before reform came, and they swept away my dear old
school-house of the seventeenth century, to make an ugly barren desert
of a market ground. You might have seen, too, the pretty cottagers’
daughters, with their bunches of lavender and baskets of fruit, or
heaps of cowslips and primroses for the wine and vinegar Wakefield
housewives prided themselves upon. On certain days they stood to be
hired as maid-servants, and were prized in the country round as neat,
clean, modest-spoken girls.
“I do not know where they are gone to now,—I suppose to the factories.
Anyhow, Wakefield ladies cry out that they must get servants from
London, and Stafford, and Wales. So class gets parted from class.
“Things were different then. Well-to-do ladies prided themselves on
doing their marketing in person, and kindly feeling and
acquaintanceship sprang up between town and country folk. My Wakefield
friends nowadays laugh at the idea of going to market. They order
everything through the cook, and hardly know their own tradespeople by
sight. We used to get delicious butter at tenpence a pound, and such
curds and cream-cheese as I never taste now. ‘Cook’ brings in
indifferent butter mostly, at near two shillings.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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