2. Final mute _e_ in the body of the line is not counted as a syllable
before a word beginning with a vowel or mute _h_ (elision).
3. Mute _e_ in the termination of the third person plural, imperfect
and conditional, of verbs is not counted; nor is it counted in the
future and conditional of verbs of the first conjugation whose stem
ends in a vowel (_oublieront_, also written in verse _oublîront_; see
p. 130, l. 14).
4. When two or more vowel sounds other than mute _e_ come together
within a word they are sometimes treated as a diphthong and make but
one syllable, sometimes separated and counted as two. Usage is not
altogether consistent in this particular; the same combination is
in some words pronounced as two syllables (_ni-ais, li-en, pri-ère,
pri-ons, jou-et_), in others as one (_biais, rien, bar-rière,
ai-mions, fou-et_); and even the same word is sometimes variable
(_ancien, hier, duel_). In general such combinations are monosyllabic
if they have developed from a single vowel in the Latin parent word.
5. Certain words allow a different spelling according to the demands
of the verse (_encore_ or _encor_, _Charles_ or _Charle_).
Since the sixteenth century, hiatus has been forbidden by the rules of
French versification. But, as we have just seen (under 4 above), two
vowels are allowed to come together in the interior of a word. What
the rule against hiatus does proscribe then is the use of a word
ending in a vowel (except mute _e_, which is elided; cf. 2 above)
before a word beginning with a vowel or mute _h_, and the use of words
in which mute _e_ not final follows a vowel in the interior of the
word; e.g. _tu as, et ont, livrée jolie; louent, allées_. But hiatus
is not regarded as existing when two vowels are brought together by
the elision of a mute _e_; e.g. in Hugo's lines, the _vie a_ in
L'ouragan de leur vie a pris toutes les pages (p. 108, l. 20),
and the _joie et_ in
Sois ma force et ma joie et mon pilier d'airain (p. 130, l. 8).
Cf. also 1 and 3 above.
The rhythm of the line comes from the relation of its stressed to its
unstressed syllables. All lines have a stress (_lève_) on the rhyme
syllable, and if they have more than four syllables they have one or
more other stresses. Lines that consist of more than eight syllables
are usually broken by a caesural pause, which must follow a stressed
syllable. In lines of ten syllables the pause comes generally after
the fourth syllable, sometimes after the fifth; in lines of twelve
syllables, after the sixth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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