The Indian polyp, like all its congeners, is attracted by light, but it
is more strongly repelled by heat. Probably it never moves in a straight
line, but if direct sunlight falls on one side of a glass aquarium, the
polyps move away from that side in a much less erratic course than is
usually the case. If conditions are favourable, they often remain in one
spot for weeks at a time, their buds congregating round them as they are
set free. In a natural environment it seems that regular migrations take
place in accordance with changes in temperature, for whereas in cool
weather many individuals are found adhering to the lower surface of the
floating leaves of _Limnanthemum_, few are found in this position
immediately after a rise in the thermometer. If the rise is only a small
one, they merely crawl down the stems to the end of which the leaves are
attached, but as soon as the hot weather begins in earnest, the few that
survive make their way to the deepest and most shady part of the pond.
In captivity the polyps seek the bottom of any vessel in which they are
contained, if sunlight falls on the surface of the water.
The chief function of the tentacles is that of capturing prey. The
Indian polyp feeds as a rule in the early morning, before the day has
become hot. In an aquarium at any rate, the tentacles are never more
than moderately extended during the night. If the polyp is hungry, they
are extended to their greatest length in the early morning, and if prey
is not captured, they sometimes remain in this condition throughout the
day. In these circumstances they hang down or stand up in the water
closely parallel to one another, and often curved in the middle as if a
current were directed against them. Prey that comes in contact with one
of them has little chance of escape, for nematocysts from all the
tentacles can be readily discharged against it. Approximately once in
half an hour the direction of the tentacles is changed, but I have been
unable to observe any regular rhythmical movements of the tentacles or
any correlation between those of a parent polyp and the buds still
attached to it.
The prey consists chiefly of the young larvæ of midges (Chironomidæ) and
may-flies, but small copepod and phyllopod crustacea are also captured.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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