The zooecia arise directly from one another in a fleshy or gelatinous mass. The polypide has no gizzard. The species are essentially marine, but a few are found in brackish water in estuaries. Division II. STOLONIFERA. The zooecia arise from expansions in a delicate creeping rhizome or root-like structure, the order in which they are connected together being more or less irregular. As a rule (perhaps always) there is no gizzard. The species are marine. Division III. VESICULARINA. The zooecia grow directly from a tubular stem which is usually free and vertical, their arrangement being alternate, spiral or irregular. There is a stout gizzard which bears internal chitinous projections and is tightly compressed when the polypide is retracted. The species are essentially marine, but a few are found in brackish water. Division IV. PALUDICELLINA, nov. The zooecia are arranged in a regular cruciform manner and arise either directly one from another or with the intervention of tubular processes. If the polypide has a gizzard it does not bear internal chitinous projections. Most of the species are confined to fresh water, but a few are found in brackish water or even in the sea. Although all true freshwater Ctenostomes belong to the fourth of these divisions, species of a genus (_Bowerbankia_) included in the third are so frequently found in brackish water and in association with one belonging to the fourth, and are so easily confounded with the latter, that I think it necessary to include a brief description of the said genus and of the form that represents it in ponds of brackish water in India. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE INDIAN FRESHWATER POLYZOA. [The types have been examined in the case of all species, etc., whose names are marked thus, *.] Order I. GYMNOLÆMATA. Suborder I. _CTENOSTOMATA._ [Division III. Vesicularina.] [Genus BOWERBANKIA, Farre (1837).] [_B. caudata_ subsp. _bengalensis_*, Annandale (1907). (Brackish water).] Division IV. Paludicellina, nov. Family I. PALUDICELLIDÆ. Genus 1. PALUDICELLA, Gervais (1836). ? _Paludicella_ sp. (_fide_ Carter). Genus 2. VICTORELLA, Kent (1870). 26._V. bengalensis_*, Annandale (1907). Family II. HISLOPIIDÆ. Genus HISLOPIA, Carter (1858). 27. _H. lacustris_, Carter (1858). 27 _a._ _H. lacustris_ subsp. _moniliformis_*, nov. Order II. PHYLACTOLÆMATA. Division I. Plumatellina. Family 1. FREDERICELLIDÆ. Genus FREDERICELLA, Gervais (1836). 28. _F. indica_*, Annandale (1909). Family 2. PLUMATELLIDÆ. Subfamily A. PLUMATELLINÆ. Genus 1. PLUMATELLA, Lamarck (1816). 29. _P. fruticosa_, Allman (1844). 30. _P. emarginata_, Allman (1844). 31. _P. javanica_*, Kraepelin (1905). 32. _P. diffusa_, Leidy (1851). 33. _P. allmani_, Hancock (1850). 34. _P. tanganyikæ_*, Rousselet (1907). 35. _P. punctata_, Hancock (1850). Genus 2. STOLELLA, Annandale (1909). 36. _S. indica_*, Annandale (1909).