From an Easy ChairLankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
History
From an Easy Chair
Lankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
Natural history; Science
The mistletoe (or mistil-tan, the pale branch, in Anglo-Saxon) is a
pale-coloured, small-flowered member of a great family of parasitic
plants, the Loranthaceæ. They all live upon trees, and draw a part
of their nourishment from the juices of the tree into which their
rootlets penetrate. The tropical allies of the mistletoe are very
beautiful plants, with fine bunches of brilliantly-coloured flowers
and broad handsome green leaves. Our mistletoe is most commonly found
parasitic on apple trees and poplar trees. It occurs on nearly all our
trees, but is very rare on the oak. A careful inquiry some time ago
resulted in the discovery of only seven oaks in all England on which
mistletoe was growing. The Druids took their sacred mistletoe from
the sacred oak tree on account of its rarity. To them it was a charm
against infertility and sterility, and, according to Pliny, was cut and
distributed at the new year with great ceremony and the sacrifice of
heifers. Its paired white berries contain a viscid fluid which gives it
its botanical name Viscum album--and causes the seeds to adhere to the
beaks of birds--and thus to be transported to a distance and introduced
by the birds’ attempts to wipe their beaks into the cracks of the bark
of trees, in which the seeds germinate.
The white-berried mistletoe is the only English kind, and red mistletoe
seems altogether out of character. But a red-berried species (Viscum
cruciatum) is parasitic on the olive tree in Spain, North Africa,
and Syria. Curiously enough, though the white-berried mistletoe is
excommunicated by the Western Christian Church on account of its use in
pagan worship, the red-berried mistletoe was gathered from olive trees
in the Garden of Gethsemane and in the enclosure of the Holy Sepulchre
at Jerusalem by Sir Joseph Hooker, the great botanist. The red-berried
mistletoe was successfully raised from seed on young olive trees six
years ago in this country by the Hon. Charles Ellis, of Frensham, near
Haslemere, and was figured at that time by Hooker.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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