From Ritual to RomanceWeston, Jessie L. (Jessie Laidlay)
Religion
From Ritual to Romance
Weston, Jessie L. (Jessie Laidlay)
Grail -- Legends -- History and criticism; Romances -- History and criticism
But at certain mystic banquets priests and initiates partook of this
otherwise forbidden food, in the belief that they thus partook of the
flesh of the goddess. Eisler and other scholars are of the opinion that
it was the familiarity with this ritual gained by the Jews during the
Captivity that led to the adoption of the Friday Fish-meal, already
referred to, Friday being the day dedicated to the goddess and, later,
to her equivalent, Venus. From the Jews the custom spread to the
Christian Church, where it still flourishes, its true origin, it is
needless to say, being wholly unsuspected.[47]
Dove and Fish also appear together in ancient iconography. In Comte
Goblet d’Alviella’s work _The Migration of Symbols_ there is an
illustration of a coin of Cyzicus, on which is represented an Omphalus,
flanked by two Doves, with a Fish beneath;[48] and a whole section is
devoted to the discussion of the representations of two Doves on either
side of a Temple entrance, or of an Omphalus. In the author’s opinion
the origin of the symbol may be found in the sacred dove-cotes of
Phoenicia, referred to by Cumont.
Scheftelowitz instances the combination of Fish-meal and Dove, found on
a Jewish tomb of the first century at Syracuse, and remarks that the
two are frequently found in combination on Christian tombstones.[49]
Students of the Grail romances will not need to be reminded that the
Dove makes its appearance in certain of our texts. In the _Parzival_ it
plays a somewhat important _rôle;_ every Good Friday a Dove brings from
Heaven a Host, which it lays upon the Grail; and the Dove is the badge
of the Grail Knights.[50] In the prose _Lancelot_ the coming of the
Grail procession is heralded by the entrance through the window of a
Dove, bearing a censer in its beak.[51] Is it not possible that it was
the already existing connection in Nature ritual of these two, Dove and
Fish, which led to the introduction of the former into our romances,
where its _rôle_ is never really adequately motivated? It is further to
be noted that besides Dove and Fish the Syrians reverenced Stones, more
especially meteoric Stones, which they held to be endowed with life
potency, another point of contact with our romances.[52]
That the Fish was considered a potent factor in ensuring fruitfulness
is proved by certain prehistoric tablets described by Scheftelowitz,
where Fish, Horse, and Swastika, or in another instance Fish and
Reindeer, are found in a combination which unmistakeably denotes that
the object of the votive tablet was to ensure the fruitfulness of
flocks and herds.[53]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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