XII. TO KENTUCKY BY THE CUMBERLAND GAP 142 XIII. FRONTIER SOLDIERS AND STATESMEN 155 XIV. CITIES OF THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS 167 INDEX 183 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1. Cunard Steamship 3 2. Union Station, Springfield 6 3. Deerfield Valley, Charlemont, Mass. 8 4. Eastern Portal of Hoosac Tunnel 11 5. South Station, Boston 12 6. Henry Hudson 16 7. Sir William Johnson 20 8. Genesee Street, Utica 23 9. Old Fort Johnson, Amsterdam, New York 26 10. Oriskany Battle Monument 30 11. Herkimer directing the Battle of Oriskany 33 12. Herkimer’s Monument and Mansion 36 13. De Witt Clinton 43 14. Erie Canal, Utica 46 15. Erie Canal, Syracuse 48 16. Traveling by Packet on the Erie Canal 50 17. Erie Canal and Solvay Works, Syracuse 51 18. De Witt Clinton Train 54 19. Twentieth Century Limited 57 20. Rounding the Noses, Mohawk Valley 59 21. Penn Square, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 65 22. Bridge over Conestoga Creek, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 67 23. Tollhouse near Lancaster, Pennsylvania 68 24. Hambright’s Hotel, on the “Lancaster Pike” 70 25. Old Road House, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 71 26. Freight Locomotive, Pennsylvania Railroad 75 27. Tunnel, Portage Railway 76 28. Broad Street Station, Philadelphia 77 29. Bridge, Pennsylvania Railroad, above Harrisburg 79 30. Pennsylvania Railroad Shops, Altoona 80 31. Horseshoe Curve, Pennsylvania Railroad 81 32. Rock Cut, Pennsylvania Railroad 84 33. Tollhouse near Brownsville, Pennsylvania 87 34. Milestone, Braddock’s Road, Frostburg, Maryland 90 35. Old Road House, Brownsville, Pennsylvania 92