[340] It appears to me, from comparison between this and other passages in Galen's writings (notably _Use of Parts_, iv., 8), that he means by the "two coats" simply the mucous and the muscular coats. In this case the "straight" or "longitudinal" fibres of the inner coat would be the _rugae_; the "circular" fibres of the inner intestinal coat would be the _valvulae conniventes_. [341] The term here rendered _peristalsis_ is _peristolé_ in Greek; it is applied only to the intermittent movements of muscles placed circularly round a lumen or cavity, and comprehends _systolé_ or contraction and _diastolé_ or dilatation. In its modern significance, _peristalsis_, however, also includes the movements of _longitudinal_ fibres. _cf._ p. 97, note 1 (146). [342] _i.e._ those containing non-striped or "involuntary" muscle fibres; organs governed by the "natural" pneuma; _cf._ p. 186, note 3 (265). [343] By this term is meant only what we should call the "voluntary" muscles. [344] _cf._ p. 97. [345] For "symptom," _cf._ p. 13, and p. 12, note 3 (24). "Transitum namque materiae per angustum corpus id accidens consequitur" (Linacre). Less a "result" or "consequence" than an "accompaniment." [346] _i.e._ this is a purely mechanical process. [347] _i.e._. this phenomenon is a proof neither of _peristolé_ nor of attraction. _cf._ p. 97, note 2 (147). [348] Contraction and dilatation of course being reversed. [349] The _channa_ is a kind of sea-perch; "a species of _Serranus_, either _S. scriba_ or _S. cabrilla_" (D'Arcy W. Thompson). _cf._ Aristotle's _Nat. Hist._ (D'Arcy Thompson's edition, Oxford, 1910), IV., xi., 538 A, 20. The _synodont_ "is not to be identified with certainty, but is supposed to be _Dentex vulgaris_," that is, an edible Mediterranean perch. "It is not the stomach," adds Prof. Thompson, "but the air-bladder that gets everted and hangs out of the mouth in fishes, especially when they are hauled in from a considerable depth." _cf._ _H. A._, VIII., ii., 591 B, 5. [350] Under the term "neura," tendons were often included as well as nerves. Similarly in modern Dutch the word _zenuw_ ("sinew") means both a tendon and a nerve; _zenuwachtig_ = "nervous." [351] Rather than the alternative reading, [Greek: ton esôthen chitôna]. Galen apparently supposes that the outer coat will not be damaged, as the cuts will pass _between_ its fibres. These cuts would be, presumably, short ones, at various levels, no single one of them involving the whole circumference of the gullet. [352] _cf._ p. 205. [353] Thus Galen elsewhere calls the spleen a mere _emunctory_ ([Greek: ekmageion]) of the liver. _cf._ p. 214, note 1 (295). [354] _cf._ p. 269.