General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
In infancy and in youth, the vital energy of the cellular texture is
very conspicuous; at this age, the fleshy granulations, essentially
cellular as we have seen, arise more promptly and go through their
periods more rapidly than at any other age; the union of wounds is
easier; and all tumours, have in their development and their progress,
a rapidity that particularly depends upon the high degree to which the
vital forces of the cellular system are raised at this period. It is
to the same cause, that must be referred the facility of absorption of
serous fluid, which sometimes infiltrates accidentally the cells, as we
see in the scrotum, the eye-lids, &c.; the suddenness of the formation
of cysts, &c.; then dropsies are much less frequent. When they do take
place, why are the superior extremities almost as often affected as
the inferior, whilst the leucophlegmasia of adults commences almost
always in the last? This is then as remarkable a phenomenon, as the
singular tendency that there is in the legs of being infiltrated,
compared with the arms. Does not this depend upon situation, which,
forcing the lymph to ascend against its weight, gradually weakens the
absorbents when it has continued for some time? This explains, why
varices are, as we know, more frequent in the inferior than superior
extremities.
II. _State of the cellular system in the after ages._
In the adult, the cellular texture is condensed and becomes firmer;
its layers have a more compact texture. It appears also to lessen
in quantity, because as the organs increase in thickness, their
interstices are contracted. If there is not a real diminution, there
is at least one in comparison with the state of the organs. It is to
this circumstance that must be attributed in part, their prominence
under the integuments, the striking appearance of the form of the
muscles, &c. It appears besides, that the quantity of cellular texture
varies according to temperaments; that in those called phlegmatic or
lymphatic, it predominates over the other systems, and in the bilious,
which is characterized by a dryness and rigidity of fibre, it is in the
smallest proportion. In women, it is in larger quantity than in men;
the roundness of their forms is in part the result of this.
The motion of a part appears to have no effect in producing a more
active nutrition of its cellular texture, as takes place in the
muscles, the nerves, and sometimes even in the blood-vessels.
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