General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
I would observe with regard to this, that it is necessary to
distinguish accurately these communications from anastomoses, in which
two nervous filaments coming in an opposite direction, are confounded
and identified with each other, which is seen between those of the
facial, the sub-orbitary, the mental, &c.
_Nervous trunks._
After having thus communicated at their exit, the nerves separate from
each other and go towards the different organs. They form at first
considerable trunks, which pass through the great cellular interstices
and go over a greater or less extent. The form of these trunks is
sometimes flattened as in the sciatic; but it is most commonly rounded;
but the form does not affect nervous action, for the nerves that are
naturally round, when flattened by a tumour, perform their functions
as usual. In general, whenever it does not interfere with her design,
nature chooses the round form for the organs of animals. I would
observe also, that this form requires a system generally diffused,
and destined to fill up the spaces that necessarily exist between
round organs; this system is the cellular. It would be infinitely less
necessary, if the form of our organs was square, because there would be
less space between them.
The nervous trunks are of different length. Those of the extremities
hold the first rank in this respect, because the extremities being very
distant from the origin of the nerves, these trunks must of course
go over a certain extent before distributing their filaments. In the
trunk and the head, on the other hand, as the organs are presented
immediately to the nerves that enter them, the division into branches
is immediate, and the trunks are very short.
The nervous trunks are sometimes accompanied by a corresponding
arterial and venous trunk, as the brachial, crural trunks, &c.; at
other times, as the sciatics, and those of the par vagum, they go
separate.
_Of the nervous branches, &c._
As the trunks advance, they furnish here and there different branches;
these give out smaller ones, which send off those that are still
smaller, from which arise the last divisions. All these different
divisions take place at very different angles. The acute angle is the
most common. It is not a real origin, but merely a separation of many
cords united, that forms the branches, of one or two of these for the
smaller ones, of one cord only for the still smaller, and of separate
filaments for the last divisions. Thus this separation is made more or
less high, in different subjects. The place where it happens is never
exactly determined.
According to these divisions, the filaments which compose the cords
of each nerve and these cords themselves, are of different lengths;
the shortest separate first, then the middling; in fine, the longest
filaments of all go the whole extent of the nerve, and only terminate
where it ends. The brachial and crural nerves exhibit this arrangement
in a remarkable manner.
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