General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
taken another so tortuous, that they will never, I think, find its
termination.
Ordinary minds, in reading, stop at insulated facts that are presented;
they do not embrace, at one view, the principles of the work.
Oftentimes the author himself incautiously follows the impression given
to a science in the age in which he writes. But the man of genius every
where pauses at this impression, which should be henceforth entirely
different in physical and physiological works. It is necessary to use
a different language; for most of the words that are carried from the
physical into the physiological sciences, continually refer to ideas
that have no connexion with them. You see the living solids constantly
undergoing composition and decomposition, every moment taking and
rejecting new substances; on the other hand, inert bodies remain the
same, and keep the same constituent principles, until friction and
other causes destroy them. So in the elements of inert bodies, there is
a constant uniformity, and an invariable identity in their principles,
which is known when they have been once analyzed; whilst the principles
of the living fluids are so continually changing, that it is necessary
that many analyses should be made, under every possible circumstance.
We shall see the glands and exhaling surfaces pour out, according to
the degree of their vital forces, a great variety of modifications
of the same fluid; what do I say? they pour out a variety of fluids
really different; for are not the sweat and the urine poured out under
one circumstance, and the sweat and the urine under another, two
distinct fluids? There are a thousand examples that would incontestably
establish this assertion.
It is the nature of vital properties to exhaust themselves; time wastes
them. Elevated in the commencement of life, they remain stationary
at the adult age, and afterwards are debilitated and become nothing.
Prometheus, it is said, having formed some statues of men, snatched
fire from heaven to animate them. This fire is the emblem of the vital
properties; while it burns, life is supported; when it is extinguished,
it ceases. It is, then, a part of the essence of these properties, to
animate matter for a determinate time only; hence there are necessary
limits to life. On the other hand, the physical properties, constantly
inherent in matter, never abandon it; so that inert bodies have no
limits to their existence, but what accident gives to them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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