General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The blood, after it has entered the capillary system, is evidently
beyond the influence of the heart, and only circulates by that of
the tonic forces, or the insensible contractility of the part. If we
examine the phenomena of this capillary system but little, we shall
be easily convinced of this truth, which Bordeu first taught. The
capillary system is really the boundary, beyond which the influence of
the heart does not extend. Hence why all the vessels that go out of
this system, exhibit in the fluid they contain a motion that does not
correspond with that of the arteries that go to it. 1st. After what we
have said, there is no doubt of this, as it regards the veins. 2d. It
is also true as it respects the excretories. The increase of secretions
does not correspond with the increase of the action of the heart, nor
does their diminution with the diminution of the pulsations. Who does
not know, on the contrary, that often in a violent paroxysm of fever,
in which the agitation of the arterial blood is very great, all the
glands seem to shut up their ducts and not to pour out any fluid? 3d.
It is the same with all the exhalations; it is not when a fever is the
greatest, that we sweat the most, but when it is somewhat diminished.
Hemorrhages are evidently but an exhalation; now who does not know,
that the pulse is often very weak, when the blood flows abundantly from
the mucous surfaces of the womb, the nostrils, the bronchia, &c.? Who
does not know on the contrary that in extreme agitations of the heart,
most often the blood does not flow by the exhalants? Is the quickness
of the pulse increased during menstruation? It is the redness of the
capillary system, the abundance of the blood of this system, which is
often, as I have said, the forerunner of active hemorrhages; but it
is never the increase of the action of the heart. Oftentimes fungous
tumours, soft flesh that shoots up in wounds of a bad nature, polypi,
&c. pour out blood; the heart has nothing to do with these hemorrhages,
they come evidently from the capillary system. Who does not know, that
frequently when the exhalants pour out copiously serous fluids upon the
membrane of that name, in the production of dropsies, the heart is,
like all the other parts, in a state of real inertia?
Since then all the vessels going from the capillary system exhibit in
their motions no sort of harmony with those of the heart, it is evident
that the influence of this organ is interrupted, is terminated at the
capillary system.
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